World Applied Sciences Journal 22 (11): 1572-1580, 2013
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.22.11.2828
Corresponding Author: Mohamad Vafaei, Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Isfahan, Iran.
1572
A New Robust Blind Watermarking Method Based on
Neural Networks in Wavelet Transform Domain
M. Vafaei, H. Mahdavi-Nasab and H. Pourghassem
Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract: In this paper, a blind watermarking method based on neural networks in discrete wavelet transform
domain is proposed. Robustness and imperceptibility are main contradictory requirements of a watermark.
In the proposed method, better compromises are achieved using artificial neural networks to adjust the
watermark strength. A binary image is used as the watermark and embedded repetitively into the selected
wavelet coefficients, which also improves the watermark robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the
proposed scheme has a simultaneous good imperceptibility and high robustness against several types of
attacks, such as Gaussian and salt and pepper noise addition, cropping, mean and median filtering and JPEG
compression.
Key words: Blind watermarking Discrete wavelet transform Neural network
INTRODUCTION add a pseudorandom pattern into host image to embed a
With modern developments of information with the same pattern or by applying other statistics to
technology, widespread communication networks and the watermarked image. In quantization watermarking a set
digital multimedia, effective ways are needed to protect of features extracted from the host images are quantized
the security of digital data. Digital watermarking is one of so that each watermark bit is represented by a quantized
the proposed solutions for copyright protection in feature value. This technique improves the robustness to
multimedia (such as image, sound and video), in which a JPEG compression and other typical attacks.
specified hidden signal (watermark) is embedded in In [7], the host image was decomposed using 3-level
digital data [1]. Robustness and imperceptibility are two DWT. The watermark was embedded into components of
basic requirements of digital image watermarking that are the third decomposition layer of the DWT of an image.
contradictory. Every seven non-overlap wavelet coefficients of the host
Many digital watermarking algorithms have been image were grouped into a block. The differences between
proposed in spatial and transform domains. The local maximum and local second maximum values were
techniques in spatial domain still show relatively low modified to the watermark bit. In [11], to achieve the
capacity and are not robust enough to lossy image secrecy of watermark, variable block size was used for
compression and other image processing operations [2, 3]. embedding a watermark bit using different sub-bands.
On the other hand, frequency domain techniques can The difference between our work and related works lie in
embed more bits as watermark and are more robust to the more elaborate selection of wavelet coefficients for
attacks. Transforms such as discrete Fourier transform [4], watermark embedding, the block selection process and
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) [5] and Discrete Artificial Neural Network (ANN) inputs.
Wavelet Transform (DWT) [6, 7] are generally used for In recent years, neural networks pave the way for the
watermarking in the frequency domain. Watermark further development of watermarking techniques by
embedding can generally be classified into two categories imitating the learning ability of brain. Neural networks are
[8]: Spread Spectrum based [9] and quantization based applied either to improve watermark extraction or to
watermarking [7, 10, 11]. The spread spectrum methods determine the strength of watermark [12-14].
watermark. This watermark can be detected by correlating