Abstracts $31
172
Pulse inversion technology - a new contrast specific
imaging modality for myocardial perfusion imaging
K. Tiemann, H. Becher, T. Schlosser, S. Kuntz, H. Omran,
M. Bangard I, A. Ehlgen, C. Veltmann, J. Goenechea,
B. LOderitz
Dept. of Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
INuclear Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Pulse Inversion Technology (PI) is a new contrast specific imaging
modality. In PI two short consecutive pulses which are phase-
shifted exactly about 180± are emitted to generate one image
frame. The echo of the two reflected pulses are added to generate
an image frame. In non moving tissue which contains no contrast
signal both pulses result in a zero amplitude if added together.
Non-linear signals from tissue or bubbles result in strong PI-
signals. By its nature PI rejects the fundamental component of the
signal without need of filter procedures. In 15 volunteers and 20
patients contrast effects in the LV-cavity (CC) and the myocardium
(MC) of PI were compared to Contrast Harmonic Imaging.
Levovist~ (400mg/ml) was infused at a constant infusion speed
(4mVmin). Triggered imaging (every 5th cardiac cycle) was per-
formed using both modalities. Off-line analysis of digitally stored
raw data was performed using a calibrated software tool. Following
background subtraction signal intensities in the standard segments
were calculated. Results: Mean CC for HI was 24 ± 5 dB and for
PI 31±7 dB.MC for basal septum 7.9+2.2 (HI)t0.3±3, mid septum
12.3±4.1 (Hi) and 17.4±4.9 (PI), apical septum 9.8±3.6 (HI) and
13.9_4.2 (PI), basal lateral 2.5+_0.2 (HI) and 3.9+1.2 (Pl), mid
lateral 8.6±1.9 and 12.1 _+5.4 (PI) finally apical lateral 7.3±2.7 and
10.0±3.2 (PI). Average contrast enhancement was significantly
higher for PI (p<O.001).
Conclusions: CC using PI is feasible. PI significantIy improves the
detection of myocardial contrast signals.
174
Myocardial perfuslon by Intravenous echo contrast and
by nuclear imaging
MA. Morales, D. Reval, A. Gimelfi, C. Marini, U. Startari,
A. Sestili, P. Marzullo, A. L' Abbate
CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
The combination of harmonic intermittent imaging, Power Doppler
and intravenous echo contrast administration provides information
regarding myocardial perfusion. The aim of this study was to
examine the capability of this method to detect perfusion defects in
patients (pts) with abnormal myocardial scintigraphy.
Study population consisted of 32 pts (25 males, age 39-84 years),
with previous Q (17 pts) or non-Q (11 pts) myocardial infarction,
showing perfusion defects at rest 201 Thallium SPECT. Myocardial
contrast enhancement (MCE) was achieved by intravenous admin-
istration of a galactose-based contrast agent (Levovist, Germany).
Contrast echo images (in the apical 4-chamber view) and nuclear
scans (in the corresponding horizontal long-axis view) were di-
vided into 6 segments according to a 16-segment model; myocar-
dial perfusion was scored as 1 (normal), 0.5 (patchy or
inhomogeneous perfusion) or 0 (no detectable perfusion).
Interpretable contrast echo images were obtained in 184 seg-
ments. Out of 34 segments with a Thallium score of zero, 23
showed an MCE score of zero, 6 a score of 0.5 and only 5 a score
of 1. Out of 62 segments with a nuclear score of 0.5, 32 also
showed an MCE score of 0,5 and 8 a score of O. Of the 88
segments with a Thallium score of one, 77 showed an MCE score
of 1 and no one segment a score of 0. Out of 96 segments with
abnormal Thallium uptake, 69 showed abnormal contrast en-
hancement; out of 88 segments with normal Thallium uptake, 77
showed normal contrast enhancement (Kappa 0.589). The corre-
lation coefficient between perfusion scores was 0.67.
Thus, myocardial perfusion defects can be non invasively as-
sessed by intravenous echo contrast during harmonic intermittent
Power Doppler.
173
Interobserver variability of quantitative myocardial
contrast-echocardiography (QMCE) studies in second
harmonic B-mode (SHI) and power (Doppler) angio
imaging (PAl) during dipyridamole-
stressechocardiography (DSE)
J. Wunderl[ch ~, G. Brand ~, IV. Pogacic ~, H. Polz 2,
K. Wegscheider 3
~lnstitute for Echocardiology and Stress.Echocardiography,
Berlin, 2Fa. EchoTech, Munich, ~Department of Econometry and
Biostatistics, University of Hamburg, Germany
Introduction: Despite the fact that myocardial contrast echocardiography
(MCE) can't be applied to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) into a routine
clinical setting, numerous studies are underway which use MCE as a "routine
test". But which is the preferred phase (systole vs. diastole), the frequency of
gating cardiac cycles (one, two, four ...), the variability between the different
ultrasound machines, the optimal dose of contrast agent, which criteda have
to be measured etc.? The purpose of this study was to determine the
interobserver-vadabiIity of two modes of imaging: SH1 and PAl during DSE.
Methods: 1. Since November 1998 until June 1999 in 213 consecutive
patients DSE was performed with QMCE in addition. 2. An HP Soaos 5500
and an Image Vue for the cine loop analysis were used. Imaging was done in
second harmonic mode (1.8/3.6 MHz). DSE was performed in a standardised
protocol with atropine in addition. A 16-segment model was used for the wall
motion analysis. Scoring was done for 1 =normal; 2=hypokinetic; 3=akinetic,
4=dyskinetic. 3. The contrast studies were performed by bolus-injection of
0.3 ml Optison ® at rest and peak stress. 108 consecutive patients were
randomly allocated either to SHI or PAl. By use of a trigger 1:1 at the
beginning of the P-wave, and a mechanical index of 0.8 and approximately
2 minutes after injection of the contrast agent (at rest and peak) cardiac
cycles were digitalized by use of QuantiConR soflware in order to measure
v~deointensity (Vl). 8 regions of interest (ROI's) were used for VI-
measurement (4-CH). Pulmonary transit time (PTi-), time to peak (rP), halt'
time decay (HTD) , and area under the curve (AUC) of each ROI were
evaluated. 4. Two observers did the ROI-analysis independently. 5. For the
compads0n of the two observers 4-field-tables with Cohen's Kappa were
used. Continual charactedstics were tested by the use of correlation or
bivariate regression analysis respectively.
Results: 1.51 patients were allocated to 8HI, 57 patients to PAl. 2. Baseline
charactedstics were identical. 3. Cohen's Kappa for the parameters P]-I', TP,
HTD and AUC of 8 ROl's ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Overall correlation
coefficient between the two observers was 0.6 for SHI and 0.85 for PAl.
Conclusions: Interobservervariability between two observers and for PAl was
low. "lhe higher variability of SHI was due to the lower image quality.
175
The Effect Of Quantitative Perfuslon On Sensitivity And
Specificity Of Dobutamine Contrast Echocardiography In
Technically Difficult Patients
Melda Do/an, Kamala Tamirisa, Sanjeev Purl,
Jean Flanagan, Elena Havens, Latish Mckinney,
Jeanette St. Vrain, Kathleen Habermehl, Mort Kern,
Arthur J. Labovitz
St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Optison, a recently approved echo contrast ©, improves endocar-
dial visualization during Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
(DSE); whether this improvement leads to improvement in sensi-
tivity and specificity of DSE is not well known. Therefore we
studied a total of 64 patients with technically difficult studies that
underwent intravenous contrast administration during DSE. All
patients (pts) underwent coronary angiography and nuclear imag-
ing. Color coded perfusion analysis, regional wall thickening (WT)
and percentage of endocardial border visualization (EBV) were
performed oft-line. Overall characteristics of the study group: 40%
of patients had 3 vessel disease, 45% had history of myocardial
infarction, 56% had LAD lesion, and 61% had resting wall motion
abnormalities. During DSE, EBV improved from 52±8% to 87±7%
after contrast injection.
SENSITIVITY SPECIFICITY
DSE/Qualitative 73 80
DSE/W-I & Perfusion 88* 86
Nuclear 90* 85
P* 0.0t NS
Sensitivity of DSE for detecting coronary artery disease _>70% was
significantly perfusion and wall thickening analysis (73% versus
88%, p=0.0t), however still similar to sensitivities obtained with
nuclear imaging (88% versus 90%, p=NS). Likewise, specificity
was improved with contrast administration during DSE (80%
versus 86%).
Optison administration during DSE combined with perfusion analy-
sis in technically difficult studies leads to improved sensitivity and
specificity similar to that obtained with nuclear imaging.
Eur J Echocardiography Abstracts Supplcment, December 1999