Bayero Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, BJMLS THE PROSPECTS OF ANTI-RABIES VACCINE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A REVIEW 1 Wada, M. H. 2 Yusuf, L., and 3 Abdulaziz, L. 1 Department of medical laboratory science, Microbiology unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, 2 Department of medical laboratory science, Kebbi State College of Health Science and Technology Jega, Nigeria, P.M.B 9003. 3 Department of Public Health Kebbi State Veterinary Clinic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi state, Nigeria. Corresponding author email: yusuflukman41@yahoo.com Phone number: +2348068728268 INTRODUCTION Rabies is an infectious illness, a fast progressive and homogenously fatal viral meningoencephalitis affecting human, which is usually overlooked. It is caused by viruses belonging to the order Mononegavirales and genus Lyssavirus in the Rhabdoviridae family (Tordo and Kouknetzoff, 1993). It is an enveloped RNA virus, with negative sense. The virus genome encodes 5 proteins namely; RNApolymerase (L), the matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (GP), Phosphoprotein (P) and Nucleoprotein (NP) (Zhanget al., 2004). The virus glycoprotein is exposed as trimers on the surface of the virus and is responsible for the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies which protect against infection. Rabies is a human and zoonotic viral infection that develops after a scratch or transdermal bite of an infected animal (WHO, 2018). All mammals are susceptible to rabies, but canine rabies, particularly in Latin America, Asia and Africa, pose the greatest threat to human s. Although Rabies is underreported worldwide, it is estimated to cause at least 55,000 deaths per year (WHO, 2012). Wada et al. (2021) BJMLS, 6(1): 1 - 8 ISSN 2545 – 5672; eISSN 2635 - 3792 ABSTRACT Background: Rabies is a recognized viral zoonosis, and it continues to pose a significant public health threat, mainly in developing nations. It is the most common viral disease in tropical humans, but it is enzootic globally. Despite the fact that it is completely avoidable, it is estimated to cause at least 55,000 annual deaths in most developing countries due to a lack of adequate therapy and mitigation steps. Only immunization can effectively control, prevent, and eradicate rabies in humans and animals. Despite attempts in developing countries since 1919 to develop and manufacture anti-rabies vaccines for human and animal protection against rabies, effective management and prophylaxis through vaccination has been hindered by a lack of modern technology and infrastructure needed for the development and manufacture of safe and effective vaccines. Aim: Thıs review was desıgned to highlight Anti-rabies vaccine prospects in developing countries Method: We reviewed publications from internet sources and searched for appropriate documents available in English. Which included Medline, Google scholar and Ajol. Results: We highlighted the Anti-Rabies Vaccine alternatives, such as Monoclonal antibody RVC20 and adaptation of Vero cell lines for rabies vaccine productionwhich can be used in developing countries, based on our online reviews. Conclusion: It would be difficult for developing countries to meet the economic demand for the manufacture of a rabies vaccine using recombinant DNA technology. As a result, the use of the Vero cell line should be embraced. Key words: Anti rabies, Vaccine, Zoonosis, immunization Citation: 1 Wada, M. H. 2 Yusuf, L., and 3 Abdulaziz, L. (2021): The Prospects Of Anti-Rabies Vaccine In Developing Countries: A Review JMLS. 6(1): 1 -8