ISSN 2039-2117 (online) ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 8 No 1 January 2017 123 Research Article © 2017 Mursalim et.al. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Customer Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Capital Structure as Determinants of Performance Transportation Companies in Indonesia Mursalim Faculty of Economic and Business, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245 Abdullah Sanusi Faculty of Economic and Business, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245 Hendragunawan S. Thayf Faculty of Economic and Business, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245 Nur Alamzah Faculty of Economic and Business, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM. 10, Makassar 90245 Doi:10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p123 Abstract This study aimed to describe the influence of customer satisfaction, efficiency and optimal capital structure to the increase of the performance of transportation companies in Indonesia. The study was designed in the relationship between variables. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and the website of 22 companies that were used as samples for 3 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the efficiency affected customer satisfaction and was reflected in the sales growth of the company. However, it did not have an impact on the level of capital structure as reflected in DER and the performance which reflected in ROA. We also found that there was an indirect effect on the efficiency of the capital structure and performance through customer satisfaction. We also found that there is a significant indirect influence on the efficiency and the performance through customer satisfaction and capital structure. Customer satisfaction capital affects the structure. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high capital structure, which is reflected in DER. The result shows that customer satisfaction has an effect on the performance. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high performance, which is reflected in aspects of ROA. The result also indicates that capital structure affects the performance. When a capital structure is high, which is reflected by the high DER aspects, it will impact on the high performance, which is reflected on aspects of ROA. Keywords: customer satisfaction, efficiency, capital structure, performance Introduction 1. The intention of the Indonesian government to put the transport sector as a driving force of development by reducing regional disparities remains to be difficult to realize (Wenyra, 2012). The low performance of the transport sector due to the limited financial support from the banking and non-bank financial institutions. Support for financial institutions as a source of capital or capital structure for the transport sector is expected to boost the performance of transportation