Journal of International Dental and Medical Research ISSN 1309-100X VEGF & BMP Expression after induced by collagen http://www.jidmr.com Lambang Bargowo and et al Volume ∙ 14 ∙ Number ∙ 1 ∙ 2021 Page 141 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Expression after Induced by Gurami Fish Scale Collagen in Bone Regeneration Lambang Bargowo 1 , I Komang Evan Wijaksana 1 , Farizan Zata Hadyan 2 , Wibi Riawan 3 , Shafira Kurnia Supandi 1 , Chiquita Prahasanti 1 * 1. Departement of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 2. Resident of post graduate program in periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. 3. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Abstract Periodontal tissue damage due to periodontitis is irreversible damage resulting in tooth loss. Regenerative treatments using graft materials have now developed very rapidly. Collagen, especially collagen type 1, is one of the ingredients that can stimulate the growth of bone, it is now widely developed for regeneration. Development of collagen derived from fish scales can be used as an alternative regeneration material, especially for bone regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are markers of bone regeneration. The aim of this study is to observe the expression of BMP-2 and VEGF in the application of collagen of gourami scales. Thirty-two experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, such as 7 days control group, 7 days fish collagen group, 14 days control group and 14 days fish collagen group. The expression of BMP-2 and VEGF was analyzed under immunohistochemical analysis. Expression of BMP-2 has increased in 7 days and 14 days group and expression of VEGF has increased in 7 days group but has decreased in 14 days group after application collagen type I of gouramy scales. Application of gouramy scales collagen (Osphronemus gouramy) can increase the expression of BMP-2 and VEGF, it can accelerate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Experimental article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(1): 141-144) Keywords: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Collagen Type I, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Received date: 03 October 2020 Accept date: 10 December 2020 Introduction The most serious consequence of periodontal disease is loss of support of periodontal structures, which include cementum, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. Periodontal tissue damage that involves bone can be repaired by the augmentation method. Bone augmentation is a regenerative therapy to restore periodontal tissue. 1–3 Bone augmentation is a complex process involving a number of cellular functions in bone formation and mineralization followed by remodeling so that it can reach its original structure. The success of new bone formation requires and is influenced by several important components, namely progenitor cells, signaling molecules, and scaffold in damaged tissue. Scaffolds play a role in stimulating osteoblast precursors. 4,5 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a protein that is a member of the family transforming growth factor beta, which plays an important role in osteogenesis. BMP-2 and BMP- 4 expression increase at the beginning of the latent phase, possibly to help the process of differentiation of precursor cells into chondrogenic or osteogenic cells. 6–8 In the process of life, bone tissue requires adequate vascularization. One of the factors involved in the formation of new blood vessels is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 9–11 Fish scales are an alternative source for collagen production. Gurami fish scales extract (Osphronemus gouramy) contains type I collagen. Pore size of gurami fish collagen extract ranges from 191.6 - 385.3 µm, where the optimal porosity size for bone regeneration ranges from *Corresponding author: Prof. Chiquita Prahasanti, DDS, PhD., Periodontist, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo no. 47 Surabaya 60132, Indonesia. E-mail: chiquita-p-s@fkg.unair.ac.id.