670 World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sust. Development, Vol. 17, No. 5, 2021 Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. Linear and asymmetric analyses of macro-economic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) Ebere Ume Kalu* Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria Email: eukalu@yahoo.com *Corresponding author Augustine C. Arize Economics and Finance Department, College of Business Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA Email: chuck.arize@tamuc.edu John Malindretos Cotsakos College of Business, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA Email: jmalindretos@yahoo.com Kalu Idika Awa Department of Financial Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria Email: kawa@noun.edu.ng Chiamaka Goodness Eze Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria Email: chiamakaeze75@gmail.com Abstract: We used Panel ARDL and Panel NARDL to investigate the macro- economic and bank-specific determinants of Non-Performing Loan (NPL) in the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ) for the period 2003 to 2018. We found that both bank-specific and macro-economic determinants jointly influence NPLs in varying degrees. There is also empirical evidence that NPL adjusts more non-linearly/asymmetrically to the dynamics of the bank-specific