DRAFT What Counts as Terrorism? An Examination of Terrorist Designations among U.S. Mass Shootings Emily Kalah Gade 1 Dallas Card 2 Sarah K. Dreier 3 Noah A. Smith 4 1 Acting Assistant Professor or Political Science and Moore/Sloan Innovations in Data Science Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Washington 2 Ph.C., Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University 3 Ph.C., Department of Political Science, University of Washington 4 Professor, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington