398
ISSN 1063-7850, Technical Physics Letters, 2019, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 398–400. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2019.
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2019, Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 31–33.
Room Temperature Lasing of Single-Mode
Arched-Cavity Quantum-Cascade Lasers
A. V. Babichev
a
*, A. G. Gladyshev
b
, A. S. Kurochkin
a
, V. V. Dudelev
c
,
E. S. Kolodeznyi
a
, G. S. Sokolovskii
a,c
, V. E. Bugrov
a
, L. Ya. Karachinsky
a,b,c
,
I. I. Novikov
a,b,c
, D. V. Denisov
d
, A. S. Ionov
e
, S. O. Slipchenko
c
, A. V. Lyutetskii
c
,
N. A. Pikhtin
c
, and A. Yu. Egorov
a
a
St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University),
St. Petersburg, 197101 Russia
b
Connector Optics LLC, St. Petersburg, 194292 Russia
c
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia
d
St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI,” St. Petersburg, 197022 Russia
e
OKB-Planeta PLC, Veliky Novgorod, 173000 Russia
*e-mail: a.babichev@mail.ioffe.ru
Received January 28, 2019; revised January 28, 2019; accepted January 31, 2019
Abstract—Single-mode lasing at room temperature in quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) with arched cavity
design has been demonstrated. The output optical power in single-mode lasing regime at ~7.7-μm lasing
wavelength was above 6 mW with a side-mode suppression ratio of up to 25 dB. The QCL heterostructure for
the arched cavities was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) based on a heterojunction of
In
0.53
Ga
0.47
As/Al
0.48
In
0.52
As solid alloys, lattice-matched with InP substrate, and InP layers performing the
function of waveguide claddings.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063785019040205
Systems of remote gas analysis and various medical
applications require effective tunable single-frequency
sources of laser radiation in the middle infrared (mid-
IR) range with full width at half maximum (FWHM)
comparable to the typical absorption linewidth (about
1 cm
–1
) of gases at room temperature. Single-mode
quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) originally reported in
[2] ensured lasing in a frequency band with FWHM ~
1 cm
–1
, The main approaches to creating single-mode
QCLs are based on the fabrication of a distributed
feedback in the external-cavity geometry [2] or in the
grating-matched geometry incorporated into a laser
waveguide [3]. Use of the external-cavity design leads
to greater dimensions, implies higher sensitivity to
mechanical action, and requires high-precision posi-
tioning of system components. The fabrication of a
grating on the QSL requires using high-precision
(electron-beam or holographic) lithography.
Alternative approaches to the fabrication of single-
mode QCLs structures are based on using photonic
crystals [4], ring resonators [3], coupled cavities [5],
and asymmetric Mach–Zender interferometers [6].
Results obtained using laser cavities of complicated
shapes, including arched (hairpin shaped) QCLs with
cavities consisting of linear and semicircular segments,
were reported in [7–9]. The presence of a semicircular
segment provides additional mode selection and, thus,
ensures single-mode lasing regime [8]. Relative sim-
plicity of implementing arched-cavity QCLs is a key
factor that allows increasing the useful yield of devices
and reducing their production cost. However, until the
beginning of our investigations, single-mode lasing in
QCLs of this type was not achieved at room tempera-
ture and maximum temperature of lasing reported
thus far did not exceed 240 K [8]. In the present work,
we demonstrate room-temperature operation of sin-
gle-mode QCLs with an arched cavity design.
The QCL heterostructures were manufactured by
Connector Optics LLC (St. Petersburg) using a com-
mercial Riber 49 MBE system equipped with a valved
cracker solid-state source of arsenic and ABI 1000
type sources of gallium and indium fluxes [10, 11].
The laser heterostructures were grown on (001)-ori-
ented InP substrates doped with sulfur to n = 1 ×
10
17
cm
–3
, which were covered with 500-nm-thick
In
0.53
Ga
0.47
As buffer layer doped to n = 5 × 10
16
cm
–3
.
The active region comprised 50 cascades based on
In
0.53
Ga
0.47
As/Al
0.48
In
0.52
As heterojunction in a struc-
ture with two-phonon resonance scattering of carriers
[12, 13]. The upper waveguide cladding was 4-μm-
thick InP layer doped to n = 1 × 10
17
cm
–3
.