~ 353 ~
International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2019; 7(4): 353-355
E-ISSN: 2347-5129
P-ISSN: 2394-0506
(ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62
(GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549
IJFAS 2019; 7(4): 353-355
© 2019 IJFAS
www.fisheriesjournal.com
Received: 21-05-2019
Accepted: 25-06-2019
Nageswararao PV
Department of Zoology, Division
of Aquaculture and Fisheries,
Andhra University, A.U. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Babu DE
Department of Zoology, Division
of Aquaculture and Fisheries,
Andhra University, A.U. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Correspondence
Nageswararao PV
Department of Zoology, Division
of Aquaculture and Fisheries,
Andhra University, A.U. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Assessment of anti-microbial activity of chitin,
chitosan and shrimp shell of Litopenaeus vannamei
from bhimavaram farms, west Godavari district,
Andhra Pradesh
Nageswararao PV and Babu DE
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are valuable marine biopolymers, which is an abundant by-product of the shrimp
processing industry. Chitosan is an amino polysaccharide prepared by processing shrimp waste (Shell)
which involves partial deacetylation of chitin. The chitin and chitosan were isolated from shrimp
exoskeleton. The Extracted chitosan have antimicrobial properties were determined by employing several
microbial organisms like Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus
aureus. The current study demonstrates the extracted chitosan exhibit potent anti-microbial activity.
Keywords: shrimp shell, chitin, chitosan, anti-microbial activity
Introduction
Chitin is composed of repeating monomer units of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-Dglucose
connected through β (1→4) linkage, resembling cellulose, except that the hydroxyl groups in
position 2 have been substituted by acetamido groups [Fernandez-Kim, 2004; Kumar, 2000]
[5,
11]
. Chitin, poly (β-(1→4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine), first identified in 1884, is a naturally
occurring polysaccharide consisting of amino sugars. This biopolymer is synthesized by an
extremely large number of living organisms and considering the amount of chitin produced
annually in the world, it is the second most plentiful natural polymer, behind only cellulose
[Fernandez-Kim, 2004; Kumar, 2000; Rinaudo, 2006]
[5, 11, 17]
.
Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide with a high molecular weight, linear polymer that
comprises -1, 4- linked glucosamine (GLCN) 1 with various amounts of N-acetylated GLCN
residues. It is typically obtained by the alkaline deactivation of chitin extracted from an
abundant source of shellfish exoskeletons or the cell walls of some microorganisms (Hirano et
al., 1976)
[6]
. It has attracted marked interest as a biomedical material, because it has unique
biological activities, such as antitumor (Saiki et al., 1990)
[18]
, immune stimulatory (Meyer and
Isaksen, 1995)
[15]
and antibacterial (Tokoro et al., 1989; Kobayashi et al., 1990)
[22, 10]
,
activities. Both Chitin and chitosan are considered as low cost adsorbent for the removal of
toxic heavy metals. Chitin and chitosan are reported wide range of applications in the various
fields due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, metal-binding capacity, wound
healing capacity and capacity to form membranes, beads, fibers, scaffold and gels (Tripathi et
al., 2009; Elwakeel, 2010)
[23, 4]
.
The antimicrobial property has been established beside diverse genus of microbes, which
required extensive care especially with some strains of pathogenic microscopic organism (Li et
al., 1992; Khanafari et al., 2008; Limam et al., 2011)
[9, 13]
. The effects against microbial
property of chitosan substance are significantly based on its material appearances, greatest
particular molecular mass, and deacetylation status (DD). Chitosan that contains greater
deacetylation degree has a larger ability as inhibitory property against bacterial strains
(Acharya et al., 2005)
[1]
. Few years ago, many studies reported concerning chitosan that it
could be used as bio product compound (Li et al., 1992; Limam et al., 2011)
[12, 9]
.
Nevertheless, chitosan has great molecular weight, which affects reduced solubility and also
becomes high viscosity solution, restricts its utilization as supplementary nutrition, foundation,
farming and medicine manufacturing (Xie et al., 2001)
[27]
. The shrimp waste has been used