Energies 2022, 15, 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031043 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies Article Improved Optimal Control of Transient Power Sharing in Microgrid Using H-Infinity Controller with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm Mohammed Said Jouda * and Nihan Kahraman * Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey * Correspondence: m.s.jouda@gmail.com (M.S.J.); nicoskun@yildiz.edu.tr (N.K.) Abstract: The microgrid has two main steady-state modes: grid-connected mode and islanded mode. The microgrid needs a high-performance controller to reduce the overshoot value that affects the efficiency of the network. However, the high voltage value causes the inverter to stop. Thus, an improved power-sharing response to the transfer between these two modes must be insured. More important points to study in a microgrid are the current sharing and power (active or reactive) shar- ing, besides the match percentage of power sharing among parallel inverters and the overshoot of both active and reactive power. This article aims to optimize the power response in addition to voltage and frequency stability, in order to make this network’s performance more robust against external disturbance. This can be achieved through a self-tuning control method using an optimiza- tion algorithm. Here, the optimized droop control is provided by the H-infinity (H∞) method im- proved with the artificial bee colony algorithm. To verify the results, it was compared with different algorithms such as conventional droop control, conventional particle swarm optimization, and ar- tificial bee colony algorithms. The implementation of the optimization algorithm is explained using the time domain MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model. Keywords: microgrid; optimization; power sharing; droop control; artificial bee colony algorithm; particle swarm optimization; H∞ optimal controller; ABC 1. Introduction Microgrid technology has brought huge flexibility in power and operating system control. The network consists of several parallel distributed generators (DGs) with control techniques [1] to investigate the power stability and robustness against any disturbance. On the other hand, a microgrid network may involve renewable energy sources such as photo-voltaic, wind-turbine, micro-turbine systems [2,3]. Figure 1 illustrates the structure of the microgrid network, where energy storage systems (ESS) with other sources are con- nected to the common AC bus and distributes the power to the loads. At a common cou- pling point (PCC), the power flows between the main grid and microgrids to share the power [4,5]. In order to increase the efficiency of the microgrids, the power inverters must have a high control performance. The method of droop control is designed to investigate the active and reactive power sharing without any communication protocol to ensure the voltage and frequency stability of the microgrid with a reduced deviation value between the active power–frequency (P–f) and reactive power–voltage (Q–V) under inductive im- pedance condition [6,7]. This paper improves the performance of power-sharing between parallel inverters by developing the droop control method with advanced level optimal control using an optimization algorithm. Some improved control methods have already been developed by researchers. For example, the droop control performance improved with high resistive transmission lines, and virtual impedance is discussed in [8,9]. Citation: Jouda, M.S.; Kahraman, N. Improved Optimal Control of Transient Power Sharing in Microgrid Using H-Infinity Controller with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. Energies 2022, 15, 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031043 Academic Editor: Andrey V. Savkin Received: 29 December 2021 Accepted: 27 January 2022 Published: 30 January 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neu- tral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institu- tional affiliations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Li- censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and con- ditions of the Creative Commons At- tribution (CC BY) license (https://cre- ativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).