Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (13) Y13-Y13 (2015) Y13 0013-4651/2015/162(13)/Y13/1/$33.00 © The Electrochemical Society JES FOCUS ISSUE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL INTERFACES IN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS Electrochemical Interfaces in Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems Brett L. Lucht, a, *, z Dominique Guyomard, b Kristina Edstr¨ om, c, * and Robert Kostecki d, ** a Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA b Institut des Mat´ eriaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Universit´ e de Nantes, CNRS, BP32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France c Department of Chemistry, Ångstr¨ om Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden d Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA © 2015 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0171513jes] All rights reserved. Published October 10, 2015. This paper is part of the JES Focus Issue on Electrochemical Interfaces in Energy Storage Systems. Interest in electrochemical energy storage systems has dramati- cally expanded over the last 20 years due to increased demand for portable power. This expansion was initially fueled by consumer elec- tronics but was furthered by interest in vehicle electrification. The need for electrochemical energy storage has been extended by the demands of large scale energy storage for renewable sources, such as wind and solar, and grid stabilization. Much of the development has been directed to lithium ion batteries, but there has also been signifi- cant interest in beyond lithium technologies including lithium/oxygen, lithium/sulfur, sodium ion, and magnesium batteries. While these sys- tems utilize many different electrode materials and electrolyte solu- tions, one common limitation for all systems includes ionic transport across interfaces. One of the most important phenomenon which characterize elec- trodes interfaces in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions containing metallic cations (Li, Na, Mg) is the irreversible formation of surface films due to reaction of solution species at the electrodes surfaces. Surface films formed in Li and Na salt solutions behave like solid electrolyte interphases (SEI). They allow migration of the metallic ions through them, but passivate the electrodes since they are insula- tors in nature, being composed of insoluble Li or Na ionic compounds. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium anodes and then on graphite anodes in lithium ion batteries has received significant atten- tion over the last thirty five years since the first characterization work of SEI phenomena on Li electrodes by Peled and co-workers. 1 It is well known that the formation of a stable SEI is critical for long term cycling stability of most kinds of electrodes in non-aqueous batter- ies. The issues related to electrodes stabilization by SEI are even more problematic for silicon anodes due to the large volumetric changes dur- ing lithiation/delithiation. 2 However, electrochemical energy storage systems have many other interfacial issues. The cathode - electrolyte solution interfaces have been shown to influence the electrochemical properties, via SEI formation as well, 3 and have become a greater * Electrochemical Society Active Member. ** Electrochemical Society Fellow. z E-mail: blucht@chm.uri.edu concern as the potential of cathodes in lithium ion batteries has been extended from 4.1 to 4.9 V. 4 There are also performance limitations related to solid-solid interfaces including electrode laminate/current collector, 5 electrode particle/binder, and electrode particle/conductive diluent interfaces. 6 This focus issue is dedicated to the development of a better under- standing of the mechanism of electronic and ionic transport phe- nomena across electrode-electrolyte solution interfaces and solid- solid interfaces in electrochemical energy storage systems. A better understanding of the underlying principles that govern these phe- nomena is inextricably linked to our ability to sense and charac- terize electrode surface processes in situ, in real time, and across length and time-scales. Some articles are focused on the character- ization and description of the mechanism of interfacial phenomena and their impact on the electrochemical performance of the mate- rials, composite electrodes, and electrochemical energy storage sys- tems. Some articles also develop a better understanding on the func- tion and operation of the solid-state interphase. Finally, other arti- cles describe the design of novel in situ and ex situ characterization tools and experimental methodologies for investigation of electrode interphases. References 1. E. Peled, D. Golodnitsky, and G. Ardel J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, L208, (1997). 2. B. Philippe, R. Dedryvere, J. Allouche, F. Lindgren, M. Gorgoi, H. Rensmo, D. Gonbeau, and K. Edstrom, Chem. Mater., 24, 1107 (2012). 3. N. Dupre, M. Cuisinier, J. F. Martin, and D. Guyomard, ChemPhysChem, 15, 1922 (2014) 4. L. Yang, B. Ravdel, and B. L. Lucht. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 13, A95 (2010). 5. D. Reyter, S. Rousselot, D. Mazouzi, M. Gauthier, P. Moreau, B. Lestriez, D. Guyomard, and L. Roue, J. Power Sources, 239, 308 (2013). 6. R. Kostecki, J. Lei, F. McLarnon, J. Shim, and K. Striebel J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, A669 (2006). ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 207.241.231.83 Downloaded on 2018-07-20 to IP