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An Overview Water Resources Management in Turkey
Murat Topal*
Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Munzur, Turkey
*Corresponding author: Murat Topal, Department of Environmental Engineering,
University of Munzur, Turkey.
Received Date: March 28, 2019
Published Date: April 15, 2019
ISSN: 2643-6876 DOI: 10.33552/CTCSE.2019.02.000530
Current Trends in
Civil & Structural Engineering
Editorial Copyright © All rights are reserved by Murat Topal
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CTCSE.MS.ID.000530.
Editorial
In Turkey, there are surface and underground water resources.
However, environmental pollution due to rapid urbanization and
industrialization causes pollution of our fresh water resources.
This situation has a negative impact on living beings as well as
many environmental problems. For these reasons, it is necessary
to protect our water resources and prevent pollution. The most
important structures in the management of water resources are
dams and ponds. Thanks to the dams, water needs for both drinking
and irrigation can be met. Food safety can never be guaranteed
when water resources are not suitable to meet the required
irrigation requirements. This problem is becoming increasingly
serious in most countries, with the rapid increase in population
and high dependence on agriculture [1]. To solve the problem of
irrigation water scarcity, surface water and groundwater are used
for irrigation. However, intensive agricultural activities increase
the need for groundwater due to shortage of surface water. This
situation leads to many environmental problems such as the
reduction of groundwater table and salinity [2,3]. Considering
that the largest water user in the world is the agricultural sector
[4], it is imperative to rethink the use and management of water
in this sector [5]. The assessment of water management is
increasingly important to determine the appropriateness of water
resources. This situation is becoming important especially in arid
environments where the highest competition for these resources
exist and is expected to increase in the 21st century [5]. Climate
studies to date predict that the availability of water resources in the
Mediterranean region will decrease. The decrease in precipitation
and an increase in temperatures [6,7] will cause significant results
on regional water balance [5]. The water resources management
in the Mediterranean Sea, which is located on the coast of Europe,
faces various challenges depending on the variable rain situations
and high irrigation needs [8-10]. It is thought that the climate will
change in the future because of the hotter and drier conditions in
this region which reduce the appropriate water resources [10-13].
For these reasons, it is necessary to continuously monitor the water
quality of the waters to be used for agricultural purposes.
Although water resources cover a significant part of the world’s
surface, the amount of clean water reserves in the world is quite
low. Especially in developing countries, fresh water reserves are
decreasing day by day due to contamination. Therefore, the issue of
water pollution is an important issue for many developing countries.
Water is a very important resource on the surface of the world and
water resources need to be managed well. In order to manage
water resources correctly, water quality needs to be assessed
[14]. Monitoring of physicochemical and biological parameters in
water resources, provides information about the quality and use
of water resources. In this context, monitoring of the quantity and
quality of water resources, conservation and measures to be taken
in order to achieve good water status are indicated by the Surface
Water Quality Regulation in Turkey [15]. Specific pollutants and
environmental quality standards in surface water sources are given
in the regulation. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets out
the basic principles for guiding sustainable water policies in the
European Union. One of the objectives of the Directive is to provide
protection and development of aquatic ecosystems with special
preventions such as reducing, preventing or disabling the discharge
of priority substances. The main objective of the Directive is to
prevent the deterioration of the condition of all surface water bodies
and to achieve a good situation in all water bodies in member states
[16]. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets out the basic
principles for guiding sustainable water policies in the European
Union. The Directive covers all water bodies, including surface
water and groundwater, all inland waters, transitional waters and
coastal waters up to 1 nautical mile (1852 m). The objectives of
the Directive are to protect and improve water resources and to
prevent deterioration in quality; ensuring sustainable, balanced
and equitable water use for long-term conservation of water
resources; protection and improvement of the aquatic ecosystem