Research Article Using AI-Based Classification Techniques to Process EEG Data Collected during the Visual Short-Term Memory Assessment Milos Antonijevic , 1 Miodrag Zivkovic, 1 Sladjana Arsic, 2 and Aleksandar Jevremovic 1 1 Informatics and Computing Department, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department Cupria, Academy of Educational Medical Professional Studies, Krusevac, Serbia Correspondence should be addressed to Milos Antonijevic; mantonijevic@singidunum.ac.rs Received 13 November 2019; Revised 14 January 2020; Accepted 14 February 2020; Published 9 March 2020 Academic Editor: Eduard Llobet Copyright © 2020 Milos Antonijevic et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is defined as the ability to remember a small amount of visual information, such as colors and shapes, during a short period of time. VSTM is a part of short-term memory, which can hold information up to 30 seconds. In this paper, we present the results of research where we classified the data gathered by using an electroencephalogram (EEG) during a VSTM experiment. The experiment was performed with 12 participants that were required to remember as many details as possible from the two images, displayed for 1 minute. The first assessment was done in an isolated environment, while the second assessment was done in front of the other participants, in order to increase the stress of the examinee. The classification of the EEG data was done by using four algorithms: Naive Bayes, support vector, KNN, and random forest. The results obtained show that AI-based classification could be successfully used in the proposed way, since we were able to correctly classify the order of the images presented 90.12% of the time and type of the displayed image 90.51% of the time. 1. Introduction Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is defined as the ability to remember a small amount of visual information, such as colors and shapes, during a short period of time [1]. There are many different tests designed to determine properties of VSTM, such as the capacity of VSTM, the time the subject is able to retain remembered information, and the influence of different external factors. VSTM is a part of short-term memory (STM). The information that is kept in VSTM can be processed further through working memory, it can be con- verted to long-term memory, or it can simply be forgotten. Short-term memory has two main characteristics: limited capacity and limited time. The capacity of the short-term memory is limited to seven elements (plus or minus two elements) [2]. Short- term memory capacity is almost constant in a way that differ- ent people can remember more or less the same number of elements. Element remembering skills also depend on other factors, such as the length of the words, feeling associated with the stimulus, and other personal factors. STM can hold information up to 30 seconds. However, this information can be remembered if it is repetitive or sense is given to it. Working memory or operative memory is a set of pro- cesses that allows us to keep and manipulate temporary data and perform complex cognitive activities. Working memory is a type of STM. Visual or audio material that is received by the brain is stored temporarily, but it is actively manipu- lated. Both processes, storing and manipulation, are inte- grated through consciously directed attention [3]. The multicomponent model of working memory was introduced by Baddeley and Hitch [4, 5]. The latest version of the model [1] consists of three systems, which include components for keeping and processing information. The first system is a central executive system, which acts as a monitoring system, and it is responsible for directing atten- tion to relevant information. It is also responsible for the coordination of other “slave” subsystems and organization of activities needed to perform some action. The second sys- tem is the phonological loop, which acts as a slave subsys- tem. It is responsible for the management and storing of verbal and written material in memory. The third system Hindawi Journal of Sensors Volume 2020, Article ID 8767865, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8767865