SSRG International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science Volume 7 Issue 6, 1-17, Nov-Dec 2020 ISSN: 2394 – 2568 /doi:10.14445/23942568/IJAES-V7I6P101 © 2020 Seventh Sense Research Group® This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Evaluation of Four Australian Bread Wheat Varieties Grown Under Centre Pivot Irrigation System Ibrahim Naser 1* , Fahad Kasimie 2 , Yahia Mubarki 2 , Abdul-Hafith Noor 2 , Ahmed Al- Hassan 2 , Nael Al-Hassan 2 , Emiliano Olbinado 1 , Abu Kashem A. 3 1, *Previous Address: Research Dept., TADCO, Tabuk 71421, P O Box 808, Saudi Arabia 2 Previous Address: Grains Business Unit, TADCO, Tabuk 71421, P O Box 808, Saudi Arabia 3 Present Address: Laboratory Unit, TADCO, Tabuk 71421, P O Box 808, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT: Three years of field trials were conducted in 2004 – 2006 on four Australian hard white wheat varieties and the local hard red spring wheat Yecora Rojo variety grown under Centre pivot irrigation system. These trials' object was to evaluate the possibility of localizing these varieties' cultivation at TADCO, Saudi Arabia, to process good quality bread, hard pastry, and noodles. Laboratory tests have shown the grains of Yecora Rojo was higher than the Australian varieties grains in terms of % crude protein, % wet gluten, and the difference in crude protein is around 1.7%. Results have shown that as productivity was increased, % crude protein, % wet gluten, and Zeleny value was decreased. Zeleny's value is the measure of gluten quantity and quality; Zeleny's general average on Kennedy grains in the three cropping seasons reached 48.13. This was higher than Australian wheat varieties that ranged 30.53 – 33.13. The falling number on Kennedy, Drysdale, and Giles was very high, an indication of strong flour dough, and on Lang, it was medium, an indication of medium dough strength. The Australian wheat varieties' flour color was brilliant white at 70 and 80% extractions except for Drysdale at 80%. It was less white. The three years trials had shown the productivity of these varieties matched the productivity of Yecora Rojo with an average of 8.07 M.T. /Ha when the varieties were grown under favorable local conditions. Field, Laboratory, Silos, and Bakeries tests shown three varieties Kennedy, Lang, and Drysdale were found suitable for wheat production and food processing. Giles need further blending tests with the chosen varieties for food processing. Keywords: Wheat Productivity, Crude Protein, Zeleny Value, Falling Number, Grain and Flour Analyzer, Farinograph.. I. INTRODUCTION Wheat is a major food resource for most countries globally as it provides more nourishment for humans than any other food source. Wheat is the largest crop grown globally as the cultivated area reaches more than 240 million Hectare, and its trade volume is greater than all other crops combined. The major cultivated areas of wheat crops are dependent on rainfall, which affects its yield, which fluctuates annually depending on the amount and duration of rain [1]. Over the last decade, cultivated wheat areas under irrigation systems increased significantly due to increased demand for the wheat commodity to satisfy the increased world population. The productivity per unit area is higher than in rain-fed areas by 2-3 folds. Irrigated Wheat is practiced in the center of Asia: Pakistan, northwest of India, Nepal, northern Bangladesh, Afghanistan, south-central of China, and parts of West Asia: Iran, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia [2]. Irrigation of wheat crop using Centre pivot irrigation system is practiced as subsidiary to annual rainfall in countries like the USA and South Africa and as the main source of irrigation water in counties with a dry climate like Saudi Arabia, Mexico, and Egypt. In Saudi Arabia, the dwarf hard red spring crop cultivation, mainly Yecora Rojo variety, increased rapidly after 1979 and reached an area of around 630.000 ha with an estimated production of 2,544,300 M.T. in 1986 [3]. Tabuk agriculture development company (TADCO) was one of the leading Saudi companies on wheat production under the Centre pivot irrigation system. They achieved high yields above 8 M.T. /Ha during the period 2001 – 2011, and in the 2003 season, the average wheat production of an area over 5000 Hectare reached 8.73 M.T. /Ha. TADCO was specializing in producing certified wheat seeds to the Saudi farmers with average annual sales of around 20000 - 30000 M.T. in place of TADCO strategy to test new varieties of bread wheat of high productivity and promising technological qualities. The company tested during the period 2000 – 2009 different bread wheat varieties in coordination with the Seeds Producers Committee (SPC) and the Saudi Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) to get new varieties of desired quality to the end-user. In 2001/2002 cropping seasons, the TADCO research unit tested eight American bread wheat varieties under code numbers 81470 to 81477 and five hard white bread wheat varieties from the