26 IJSR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Volume : 5 | Issue : 2 | February 2016 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Research Paper Engineering Dragoș PĂSCULESCU Department of Control Engineering, Computers, Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, Te Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroșani, Str. Universității, no. 20, Petroșani, România Remus DOBRA Department of Control Engineering, Computers, Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, Te Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Petroșani, Str. Universității, no. 20, Petroșani, România Mohammad Ayaz AHMAD Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 741, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia. Dosimetric Quantity System for Electromagnetic Fields Bioefects KEYWORDS : electromagnetic feld, SAR, dosimetric quantity, calculation algo- rithms, bioefect ABSTRACT Dosimetric evaluation system used is able to determine the distribution of SAR (Specifc Absorption Rate) inside a phantom model that complies with European and USA standards (EN 50361, IEEE 1528). It consists of a robot, an electric feld probe calibrated for use in liquids, a ghost "twin" ghost "elliptical fat" fuid simulation of human tissue, a gripping device DUT (device under test) and software Open SAR. Specifc Absorption Rate (or SAR) is a measure of how transmitted RF energy is absorbed by hu- man tissue. SAR is a function of the electrical conductivity, the induced E-feld from the radiated energy (measured in Volts/meter) and the mass density of the tissue. Due to the high sensitivity of the probe, its output voltage is measured without amplifcation. Electric feld probe corresponds to the recommendations of CENELEC (European Committee for the Coordination of Electrical Standards) and IEEE (Committee of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in the feld) for measuring electromagnetic felds of mobile phones, base stations and radiating devices. DUT latch is constructed of a material with low loss and low permittivity. It allows moving the axes Ox, Oy, Oz or rotation around phantom ear for precise positioning of the DUT. With the software robot motion control Open SAR, local SAR values are determined and calculated SAR values averaged over 10 grams and 1 gram of tissue. 1. Introduction Lately the public has increasingly begun to put in various forms, whether electromagnetic radiations are harmful or not. While there are all sorts of answers, nobody could establish with cer- tainty whether on the long run the the answer is negative. In the short term, there is an ofcial view of the World Health Organi- zation who was involved in this research and set exposure limits for public safety. Researches performed by committees set up for this purpose has led to defning a legal framework adopted by most countries. Increased population concern has led to a mass psychosis and assimilation into the urban culture of the radia- tion legend. Te ideas circulating are fueled by the media who prefer alarming topics for potential audience, although ironi- cally much of it makes full use of electromagnetic waves from negligible levels of radiation. Te urban culture was unconvinc- ing countered by the authorities, which led to the undermining of confdence in them. In Romania, the public health enemy is usually identifed as a GSM operator (population does not dis- tinguish compared to CDMA systems), and the alleged danger is the possibility of contracting cancer. Tis belief is due to confu- sion with ionizing radiation because usually the public does not distinguish between them. Te population protection against the possible consequences of ionizing radiation is a legitimate goal that must preoccupy any regulatory authority for telecommunications. Protection should be done within the legal framework, without exceed- ing his authority and should be efective. At present there is no clear control location of base stations on their ability to achieve power densities, pedestrian or residential areas. Terefore, be- fore before practicing regulatory and protection action it must be cleared the legislation purpose. Tere are several ways to ap- preciate the dosimetry of ionizing radiation. One is SAR (specifc absorption rate) which is measured in W/kg and is a measure of RF power absorption in living tissue. SAR is the most direct expression of biological and thermal efect is a measure of the notifed body. Returning to the duality of cause and efect, SAR is a measure of the efect. Tis is not only dangerous side efects with the potential biological hazard and other efects on difer- ent frequencies (with electric currents are induced or undesir- able efects on the central nervous system). Terefore, there is a quantization of electric and magnetic feld strength and power density. In this regard it has been established reference levels, which limits exposure and guaranteeing that biological efects are undesirable. Current regulations on exposure, such as those issued by ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protec- tion) protects against these efects. Pressing problem is the like- lihood of the occurrence health efects at exposure levels below the reference levels and in particular the efects that can occur on long exposure to low levels of electromagnetic feld. In table 1 we have illustrated some typical sources of electromagnetic feld. Table 1:- Some typical sources of electromagnetic feld. Frequency range Frequency Source feld Maximum intensity of the feld Static electro- magnetic feld 0 Hz Natural Video termi- nals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other scientifc or diagnostic instruments Industrial electrolysis 70 µT 1 T inside the tunnel 200 mT at the entrance into the tunnel ≤0,5 mT outside the measurement chamber 10-30 mT at the legs level Low frequency electromag- netic feld 0-300 Hz Electric power lines Indoor distri- bution lines Trains and tramways electric mo- tors 10-20 µT under the line - 10 KV/m ≤ 0,2 µT inside 50 µT , 300 V/m