International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume:03, Issue:04 "April 2018"
www.ijsser.org Copyright © IJSSER 2018, All right reserved Page 1198
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SYMPTOMS OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION
AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG ADOLESCENTS
WITH A HISTORY OF ABUSE OR NEGLECT
*
Stella Kemuma Nyagwencha, MA; Dr. Naomi James, Ph.D.; Dr. Alice Munene, Psy. D.
School of Human and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology and Counseling,
Division of Clinical Psychology, Daystar University, Nairobi, 44400-00100
*
Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to establish the association between symptoms of anxiety disorder,
depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adolescents who had experienced
abuse or neglect and resident in a charitable children’s institution (CCI). This study was
conducted in three CCI’s in Nairobi County, Kenya. The inclusion criteria was be aged between
13-18 years, have mild or moderate symptoms of anxiety disorder and be resident in a CCI.
Participants who met the inclusion criteria were 115 adolescents.
Participants were administered the Socio-Demographic Questionaire (SDQ), Beck’s Anxiety
Inventory (BAI), Becks Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Harvard Trauma Questionaire
(HTQ). Results showed that participants who had symptoms of anxiety disorder only were
(50.4%), those with symptoms of anxiety and depression were 37.4%, those with symptoms of
anxiety, depression and PTSD were 9 (7.8%) while those with a comorbidity of symptoms of
anxiety and PTSD were 4.3%. Symptoms of PTSD were correlated with symptoms of depression
at p <.001. Symptoms of PTSD were also correlated with symptoms and anxiety at p =.005 while
symptoms of depression were correlated with symptoms of anxiety at p=.007. Further, age was
associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression and not with symptoms of anxiety disorder
while gender was not associated with symptoms of PTSD, depression or anxiety disorder. In
conclusion, among adolescents who had experienced abuse or neglect, symptoms of PTSD were
correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders while symptoms of depression
were correlated with symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Keywords: Adolescents, Anxiety, Association, Depression, Kenya, Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder