232 JKMU Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2020; 27 (3): 232-243 The Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Allium sativum L. and Orchismaculata L. on Spermatogenesis Index and Testosterone Level in Cyclophosphamide-treated Rats Firouze Sadeghzadeh, M.Sc. 1 , Azizieh Sadeghzadeh, M.Sc. 1 , Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani, Ph.D. 2 , Abass Alimoradian, Ph.D. 1 , Mehry Mashayekhei, M.D. 3 , Ali Zarei, Ph.D. 4 , Farideh Jalali-Mashayekhi, Ph.D. 5 1- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical University, Arak, Iran 2- Professor, Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (Corresponding author; E-mail: dr.ashtiyani@arakmu.ac.ir) 3- Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran 4- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical University, Shiraz, Iran 5- Assistant Professor, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical University, Arak, Iran Received: 28 June, 2019 Accepted: 11 May, 2020 ARTICLE INFO Article type: Original Article Keywords: Infertility Garlic Orchid Cyclophosphamide Spermatogenesis Abstract Background: One of the most common side effects of cyclophosphamide (CP) is oligo- spermatozoa, azoospermia and elimination of spermatogenic cycles. This study was done to find the efficacy of simultaneous consumption of garlic ( Allium sativum L.) and orchid ( Orchismaculata L. ) hydroalcoholic extracts on spermatogenesis and sex hormones in rats treated with CP. Methods: Forty-two male rats were divided into the six groups: control, sham, CP (5 mg/kg), garlic (10 mg/kg) + CP, orchid (40 mg/kg) + CP, garlic+ orchid + CP. All of the agents were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. Results: The number of sperms increased in garlic+ CP and orchid+ CP groups. The percentage of sperm forward motility increased in groups receiving garlic, orchid, and garlic +orchid compared with the group that received only CP. Antioxidant total capacity and testosterone level showed significant increases in garlic+ orchid, garlic and orchid groups respectively compared with the group that received only CP (P<0.05). Also, the tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels reduced in the group received garlic +orchid compared with the group that received only CP. Conclusion: Garlic and orchid could increase the number and the motility of sperms, index of sertoli cell, antioxidant capacity and serum testosterone level. Copyright: 2020 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Sadeghzadeh F, Sadeghzadeh A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Alimoradian A, Mashayekhei M, Zarei A, Jalali-Mashayekhi F. The Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Allium sativum L. and Orchismaculata L. on Spermatogenesis Index and Testosterone Level in Cyclophosphamide-treated Rats. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2020; 27 (3): 232-243. Introduction In recent years, the prevalence of infertility in men and its impact on the reproduction process have been considered (1). Among the factors that can disrupt reproduction, some medicines such as cyclophosphamide (CP) can be mentioned (2). CP is one of the most common drugs used in chemotherapy, which has destructive effects on human fertility (3). Studies showed the role of CP in the incidence of oligospermia,