© 2020 JETIR June 2020, Volume 7, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2006496 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 1110 Curcumin Extraction using Ultra sonication: A Review M. V. Bagal 1* ; Aamir Deshmukh 2 , Nihar Thakur 3 , Anmol Valiyare 4 , 2,3,4 Undergraduate student, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. 1,5,6 Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT The paper focusses on the extraction of curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa) with various means of enhancing the product quality on basis of purity and yield. The paper contains discussions based on the various setups for Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). The intended effects of the former mentioned setups on the extraction performed by various researchers and the various factors and their effects are discussed as well. The effect of the various parameters on UAE process is discussed as well. Keywords: curcumin, extraction, UAE process. INTRODUCTION Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid of Curcuma longa commonly known as turmeric, a member of the ginger family. It is sold in the market as a food supplement, cosmetics ingredient, food flavoring, and as a food coloring product. Curcumin has been shown to possess wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing and anti-microbial effects [1][2][3] . In general, turmeric consists of about 13% (w/w) moisture, 69% (w/w) carbohydrates, 5% (w/w) fixed oils, 6% (w/w) volatile oils, 5% (w/w) proteins, and around 1–6% yellow pigment curcuminoids [4],[5],[6] , while commercially available curcumin contains 77% curcumin, 17% demethoxycurcumin and 3% bisdemethoxycurcumin from the herb Curcuma longa [7] . Various methods for extraction are usually based on maceration methods along with various circulation techniques which require a long time along with high consumption of energy and chemicals to be used as solvents amongst which the traditional types such as Soxhlet extraction, maceration are more popular while the non-conventional types such as microwave assisted extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, supercritical gas extraction and enzyme assisted extraction are considered as formidable alternatives due to their lesser extraction time and lesser solvent consumption. As ultrasound passes through a liquid, the expansion cycles exert negative pressure on the liquid and create cavities in the liquid. This occurs when the negative pressure exceeds the local tensile strength of the liquid, which varies with the surface tension, vapor pressure and viscosity of the liquid. These bubbles will absorb the energy from the sound wave and grow during the expansion cycles and recompress during the compression cycle. The increase in pressure and temperature caused by the compression leads to the collapse of the bubbles, which causes shock wave that passes through the solvent, enhancing the mass transfer within the plant materials [8] . Ultrasound assisted extraction increases the yield of extraction due to the breakdown of cellular wall structures and therefore increases the interaction of extraction solvent with the intracellular compounds. The following parameters are