Review Studies upon Climatic Soil Moisture Indicators SĂLĂGEAN Tudor*, Marce DÎRJA, Adela HOBLE University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Mănăştur Street, no. 3 - 5 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania Received 10 March 2013; received and revised form 29 March 2013; accepted 7 April 2013 Available online 1 June 2013 Abstract Soil is one of the natural factors representing the environment over which occurs during the process of watering and acts as a "reservoir" of water storage. Soil is a porous medium that cannot hold a lasting only a certain amount of water, excess water either through ground water seepage and moisten the lower strata either be retained on the surface water ponding. Excess moisture temporary or periodic: Prolonged excessive wetting, wetting the medium term, the short wetting, wetting of varying duration (short-extended). After excess moisture source and intensity: moderate excess ground moisture; strong excess ground moisture; overate excess moisture from precipitation; strong excess moisture from precipitation; excess moisture from precipitation under phreatic intake; excessive humidity combined: groundwater and precipitation; excessive humidity in coastal streams; flood excess moisture; excess of moisture and salts. Heavy rainfall produces excessive humidity in cool areas where evapotranspiration is low and with low soil permeability. Depression relief favors the appearance of excess moisture in the rainy season on clay-rich soils. Low renewal of the air in the soil results in the accumulation of large amounts of CO 2 , the CO 2 content of the air in the soil than 1% by plants suffer. Excess moisture causes reduced soil aeration, slowing oxidation and mineralization grading the pharmaceutical insufficient debris. Remove excess moisture by means of a network of drainage channels, as compared with the removal of excess moisture by a network of open channels, has a number of advantages, such as small area removed from the culture, ease of agricultural works by mechanical means, simple maintenance work, lack of widespread outbreaks of weeds, pests and diseases etc. The disadvantage is the high cost of pipes, drainage filter material and execution. Keywords: soil humidity, hydro-ameliorative system, climatic conditions. 1. Introduction Defining soil with excess moisture [13, 27] is made from light causes of excessive moisture, frequency, extent, intensity, form and source, as well as the consequences and negative influences on plant growth (Agrios, 2005), is necessary to take into account - as a whole - climatic conditions [21, 28, 19], geomorphological [20, 30], lithological [26], hydrological [27] (for studied area hydrological values are presented in table 1), hydro-geological *Corresponding author Tel +40264596384; Fax +40264593792 e-mail: salagean_tudor@hotmail.com [22] and pedological [22] as they form and evolve (all natural and anthropogenic conditions), this resulting moreover planning and choosing solutions [5] and improve these soils [14]. Indicators of excess moisture [13] are: amount of water that passes the water capacity in field or the equivalent of active moisture or wind suction limit of 1/3 atmospheres, such lower limit of 10% -15% of the space occupied by air; asphyxiation increasing of plant roots, weakening activity of aerobic microorganisms[15] and so on, soil moisture is given by the balance between the amount of precipitation (rainfall), infiltration (run-on), discharge (runoff), evapotranspiration (ET) and percolation [1]. Groundwater level is maintained lowered as required by crops, not only during their growing season, but also beyond, in order to ensure the normal Available online at http:// journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/ promediu ProEnvironment ProEnvironment 6 (2013) 503 - 506 503 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk