government implemented for the pandemic included travel
restrictions, lockdown, social distancing enforcement, and face
masks in public spaces. To further help mitigate the spread of
COVID-19, there were additional restrictions on crowded
events and large gatherings (e.g., Church/Mosque services,
marriage ceremonies, funerals, etc.). Nigerians were
encouraged to stay at home and socially isolate themselves to
prevent being infected or infecting others.
With time, it became apparent that the above strategies
instituted by the Nigerian government and its principal health
agency, the NCDC, to promote COVID-19 prevention
behaviors among Nigerians were determined by their level of
awareness and knowledge regarding the Covid-19 outbreak.
The Psychological Aspect of the Pandemic
The contributions to this special issue illuminate the
different psychological reactions at individual and government
levels across select states in the Northern, Southern, Western,
and Eastern parts of Nigeria. The authors revealed that at the
onset, once it was established in Wuhan, China, and long before
the WHO classified COVID-19 as a global pandemic, many
Nigerians considered Covid-19 a disease specific to foreign
countries or disease of affluence. Due to this, many Nigerians
continued with their daily lifestyles and were hesitant to adopt
preventive measures to curtail the outbreak, even when the first
case of Covid-19 was confirmed in Lagos, Nigeria, on February
20, 2020.
When the outbreak's severity became evident and
required urgent attention, the attention of the Nigerian
government and its citizens was mainly on the outbreak's
physical aspects. The focus on the physical aspects is
understandable when we recognize that the field of psychology
in Nigeria is still underdeveloped, and Nigerians do not widely
recognise the practice of psychology. While the focus was on
factors such as face masks and handwashing, little or no
attention was paid to the possibility that such a pandemic could
influence stress levels, anxiety, and depressive tendencies in
Nigerians. More importantly, such a stance diverted attention
from the implication of outbreaks such as Covid-19 on the
mental well-being of Nigerians.
The world was recently thrown into a state of panic
and confusion when a new strain of the Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory
syndrome (MERS) emerged. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-
19 is an infectious disease that was first identified in Wuhan,
China, and affects birds and many mammals, including
humans. The world health organization (WHO) declared
COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 is
transmitted from human to human via direct contact with
contaminated surfaces and through inhaling respiratory
droplets from infected individuals. Most people infected with
the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate or severe
respiratory Syndrome (SARS). At the height of the pandemic,
no vaccines were available for immediate treatment. Due to the
lack of vaccines, the world witnessed higher morbidity and
mortality rates. However, since December 11, 2020, vaccines
have been available to prevent COVID-19.
Corona Virus in Nigeria
Like other countries, Nigeria has experienced the
brunt of the viral outbreak. Precisely, Nigeria was classified by
the WHO as one of the 13 African countries with a higher risk of
spreading Covid-19. The first case of the Coronavirus in
Nigeria was announced on February 27, 2020, by the Nigeria
Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). As of September 2020,
NCDC reports claimed that there were 7,242 confirmed cases
and 1,098 deaths in the country (NCDC, 2020). It is imperative
to note that there was limited testing, and it is estimated that
some cases of COVID-19 remained undetected in the general
population. Based on this, one cannot adequately assess the
actual burden of the disease in Nigeria.
Government Health Strategies
The absence of a vaccine for COVID-19 during the
first year of the pandemic caused an array of preventive
measures globally. Like other governments, the Nigerian
government instituted preventive measures to effectively
reduce the spread of the disease and educate the populace
through its health agency, the Nigeria Centre for Disease
Control (NCDC). The control measures that the Nigerian
The Place of Psychology During a Pandemic: Lessons from
COVID-19 in Nigeria
1 2 3 4 5
Darlingtina K. Esiaka , Endurance Avah Zacchaeus , Abel Obosi , Runcie C. W. Chidebe , Steven Kator Iorfa
1
Center for Molecular and Behavioural Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
2
Ministry of Health, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria.
3
Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
4
Project PINK BLUE - Health & Psychological Trust Centre, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.
5
University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Nigerian Journal of Psychological Research, Vol 17, No. 2, 2021
©2021, Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Darlingtina K. Esiaka, Center for Molecular and Behavioural Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Email: de255@rutgers.edu
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