256 https://www.id-press.eu/mjms/index Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020 May 13; 8(A):256-260. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3876 eISSN: 1857-9655 Category: A - Basic Sciences Section: Immunology Ethanol Extract of Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth) as Immunostimulant in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Erlintan Sinaga 1 , Syafruddin Ilyas 2 *, Salomo Hutahaean 2 , Panal Sitorus 3 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Medan State University, Medan, Indonesia; 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; 3 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Abstract BACKGROUND: Ethanolic extract of Pirdot leaves (Saurauria vulcani Korth) (EES) has bioactive compound to decrease glucose and increase insulin levels. AIM: To know of effect of ethanolic extract of Pirdot leaves of immunoglobulin G and lysozyme activity in rats treated with Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC). METHODS: Experimental design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were 24 white rats to be classifed into four groups: a control group with water (G 0 ), a group treated with 0.1 ml sheep red blood cell (SRBC) (G 1 ), a group treated with 500 mg/kg ethanol extract pirdot leaves (EES) (G 2 ), and a group treated with 500 mg/KgBW ethanol Extract pirdot leaves (EES) + 0.1 ml SRBC (G 3 ). Immunostimulant activity was evaluated by analyzingthe levels of immunoglobulin G with ELISA method, lysozyme with ABX Micros 60 and histophatology kidney with Hematoxylin-Eosin stainning. RESULTS: The lysozyme activity in rats were treated with only SRBC () is higher and signifcantly different compared with a group of control (). Necrosis was not found in a group control () and rats treated EES 500 mg/kg ().There were no signifcant change in histophatology of kidney in rats treated EES 500 mg/kg. Disruption in bowman space with glomerulus was found in G 1 (SRBC). Antigen induced disruption in G 1 (SRBC) whereas giving extract ethanolic Pirdot leaves concurrently with antigen SRBC can protect kidney from disruption in G 3 . CONCLUSIONS: A signifcantly effect of immunoglobulin G, lysozyme activity and histophatology kidney in rats after given by ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves. Introduction Immunodrugs have been used to treat immune-related diseases but have serious side effects [1]. Modern medicine nowadays also uses active compounds isolated from plants that have a potential to treat diseases [2]. Most medicinal plants have been utilized effectively in elevating human immune system [3]. Phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, curcumin, genistein, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-galate, camptothecin, and 3,3′-diindolymethane, are responsible for plants’ immunomodulating properties and allow plants to play a main role in disease prevention [4]. The ethanol extract of Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth) everolimus-eluting stents (EES) has bioactive compounds, including polyphenol, favonoid, steroid, saponin, and tannin. The favonoid compounds of Pirdot including isofavone genistein, decrease glucose, reduce glucose tolerance, heal wounds, and increase insulin levels. Agents that induce the components of the immune system are called immunostimulants [5]. Pirdot leaves have bioactive compounds that tend to be an immunostimulant in increasing the defense of the body. EES enhances erythrocyte and lymphocyte values [6]. Immunostimulant activity was tested by evaluating the parameters of innate and adaptive immunities [7]. The ability of specifc response in an antigen depends on the communication between innate and adaptive systems. The immunostimulant activity of the leaves of Buas can enhance IgG, IgM, and lysozyme [8]. Lysozyme activity is an important value of innate immune system because it has lytic activity against pathogen and activates complement system and phagocytes. Furthermore, immunoglobulins bind antigen in the recognition and effector phases of humoral immunity. Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) was used as antigen to trigger immunoglobulin production and stimulate specifc antibodies. SRBC (0.1 mL) was administered to obtain high antigen levels and form detected antibodies [2], [9]. The histopathology of kidney is also a parameter that can indicate immunostimulant activity. The decreased immune response in uremia is caused by the reduced phagocyte function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes or macrophages. These components are the main component of the immune system and are key targets for immunomodulatory drugs [10]. Edited by: Mirko Spiroski Citation: Sinaga E, Ilyas S, Hutahaean S, Sitorus P. Ethanol Extract of Pirdot (Saurauia vulcani Korth) as Immunostimulant in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2020 May 13; 8(A):256-260. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.3876 Keywords: Saurauia vulcani Korth; Immunoglobulin G; Lysozyme activity; Renal histopathology *Correspondence: Syafruddin Ilyas, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia. E-mail: syafruddin6@usu.ac.id Received: 12-Oct-2019 Revised: 04-Mar-2020 Accepted: 13-Apr-2020 Copyright: © 2020 Erlintan Sinaga, Syafruddin Ilyas , Salomo Hutahaean, Panal Sitorus Funding: This research did not receive any fnancial support Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)