E-ISSN 2240-0524
ISSN 2239-978X
Journal of Educational and Social Research
www.richtmann.org
Vol 11 No 5
September 2021
43
.
Research Article
© 2021 Careemdeen et al.
This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Received: 20 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Instrument Development for Socio-Educational Support and
Socio-Educational Participation towards Educational Well-Being
Jalal Deen Careemdeen
1,2
Mohd Mahzan Awang
1
Abdul Razaq Ahmad
1
Shakila Dahalan
3
1
Faculty of Education, The National University of Malaysia,
UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Education, The Open University of Sri Lanka,
Nawala, Nugegoda 11222, Sri Lanka
3
Ministry of Education, Block E8, Parcel E,
Federal Government Administrative Centre,
62604, 62000 Putrajaya, Malaysia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0104
Abstract
The current study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire instrument to measure the socio-
environmental support, socio-educational participation and educational well-being indicators using
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Reliability Analysis among secondary school children in Sri Lanka.
The indicators used in the analyses were based on sociological theories, and several past empirical studies
identified to have three main constructs. The socio-environmental support construct which is based on
Bronfenbrenner’s (1989) ecological theory. The socio-educational participation construct which is developed
in line with the Social Capital Theory (Putnam, 1993) and students' educational well-being construct, which
was developed based on the Psychosocial Well-being Framework of Sri Lanka (2009). The pilot study was
carried out, consisting of 50 secondary school children in Sri Lanka. The study results revealed that the value
of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test results for all constructs was above the cut-off level of 0.5. The
Exploratory Factor Analysis of this study demonstrated that 35 items of socio-environmental support
construct, 21 indicators of socio-educational participation construct, and 28 items of educational well-being
construct were valid for measuring all those constructs. Reliability Analysis shows that each construct and
indicators have good internal consistency values.
Keywords: Socio-Educational Support, Socio-Educational Participation, Educational Wellbeing, Confirmatory
Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis.
1. Introduction
Enhancing the quality of students' learning experience and student well-being are the main aims of
the knowledge-based society to face the 21st-century challenges in the new millennium. The excellent