Skin Res Technol. 2019;1–5. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/srt
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1 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1 | INTRODUCTION
The perceived skin color is the net result of selective absorption and
scattering of specific wavelengths. Chromophores absorb light; they
can be epidermal such as melanins and carotenoids, or dermal such
as hemoglobins and bilirubin. Meanwhile, the main scattering struc-
tures in the skin are keratohyaline granules and collagen bundles in
the epidermis and dermis respectively.
1
Other factors are also in-
volved in the determination of the perceived skin color; these include
microcirculation, surface roughness or scaliness, sweat and sebum
secretion,
2
and the transparency of the stratum corneum.
3
Melanin
is undoubtedly the major determinant of skin color. However, similar
to melanin, hemoglobin in dermal capillaries can also attenuate light
and this needs to be considered when assessing pigmentation.
4,5
Objective assessment of skin color has become of paramount im-
portance in the management of pigmentary disorders.
6
Accordingly,
several objective, non-invasive instruments are currently available
for precise measurement of skin color.
5
These instruments are either
Received: 7 December 2018
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Accepted: 12 January 2019
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12680
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of different factors influencing objective
measurement of skin color by colorimetry
Tag S. Anbar
1
| Amira A. Eid
2
| Mohamed T. Anbar
3
1
Department of Dermatology, Andrology
and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Minia
University, Minia, Egypt
2
Department of Dermatology,
Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of
Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria,
Egypt
3
Department of Dermatology and
Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Correspondence
Amira A. Eid, Department of Dermatology,
Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of
Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria,
Egypt.
Emails: amira.eid@alexmed.edu.eg;
dramiraeid@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
Background: Objective determination of skin color has become an essential require-
ment in managing pigmentary disorders including vitiligo. The readings of available
devices can be influenced by factors such as surrounding temperature, vasodilation/
constriction, and skin surface properties. Our aim was to investigate the influence of
hair color and length, skin stretching, incomplete contact of the device with the skin,
and the pressure with which the device is applied to the test area on skin color
determination.
Materials and methods: Dermacatch® was used to determine the influence of hair
color and length in 30 vitiligo patients, and of wrinkles, incomplete contact of the
device with the skin and pressure of the device on the test area in 30 healthy volun-
teers on melanin and erythema indices measured by the device.
Results: Melanin index was significantly higher in lesions with black hair compared to
lesions with white hair (P < 0.001) and the MI significantly decreased when the black
hair was shaved (P < 0.001) and when the skin over the test area was stretched
(P < 0.001). Incomplete contact of the device with the test area led to significantly
higher MI (P < 0.001) and lower EI (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, high pressure induced by
the device on the test area led to significantly lower MI (P < 0.001) and significantly
higher EI (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Factors influencing the readings of devices used for objective determi-
nation of skin color have to be taken consideration to ensure accuracy of the meas-
urements done.
KEYWORDS
colorimetry, erythema index, melanin index, vitiligo