CASE REPORT Int J Anat Var Vol 10 No 2 June 2017 16 São Camilo University Center, São Paulo–SP, Brazil. Correspondence: Sergio RR, São Camilo University Center, São Paulo–SP, Brazil. Telephone 55-11-2215-2361, e-mail: srrnascimento@gmail.com This open-access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC) (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits reuse, distribution and reproduction of the article, provided that the original work is properly cited and the reuse is restricted to noncommercial purposes. For commercial reuse, contact reprints@pulsus.com Two aberrant polar arteries to right kidney: A case report Ruiz CR 1 , Sergio RRN 2 *, Vidsiunas AK 3 , Souza CC 4 , Lilian A 5 INTRODUCTION T he renal arteries, arising from the abdominal part of the aorta have variations in number, origin, ramification and trajectory, being that these variations aren’t rare. According to Budhiraja et al. (1) the standard classic formation of an artery and a vein from each side of the individual appears in less than 25% of the cases. Despite the high frequency of variations, there is a large amount of anatomical differences in each variation, making its documentation of extreme importance for the surgical clinic, for the diagnostic imaging beyond the academic field during the training of new professionals (2-6). There are accessory arteries that follow towards the kidney through the hilum and anomalous arteries that supply the kidney without going through the hilum (2). These arteries can be directed towards the superior polo or to the inferior polo being in these cases called polar arteries (1,2,7). Herein we present two aberrant polar arteries to the right kidney originating from the right renal artery and aorta; the left kidney had normal vascular anatomy. CASE REPORT On a routine dissection in the Anatomy Laboratory of the São Camilo University Center, with the intention of removing some internal organs from a male cadaver of 65 years old, variations in the quantity of renal arteries were noticed, as well as in their origin being that the right kidney showed visible difference in its shape, size and location compared to the left kidney. The medical history of this cadaver was not available, and the anatomy of left kidney and his vascularization was normal. The right kidney had 36.35 mm in width on its anterior face and 52.16 mm in width on its posterior face with 141.22 mm in length. The inferior polo of the right kidney was in contact with the superior margin of the right iliac crest. The main renal artery had originated in the abdominal part of the aorta artery and followed a course of 81.66 mm until its entrance on the renal hilum, with 6.54 mm in size, however instead of a rectilinear trajectory from the aorta it had a descending and quite angular trajectory. From the main renal artery arises an anomalous polar artery that follows a trajectory of 55.59 mm from its origin until its entrance in the inferior polo of the right kidney. This anomalous artery has 2.65 mm in size and starts 51.88 mm after the origin of the main renal artery (Figure 1). On a lower level, at the same height as the aorta bifurcation arise another anomalous polar artery with 4.93 mm in size and 75.29 mm in length from its origin until its entrance in the renal hilum following a rectilinear trajectory until the inferior polo of the right kidney (Figure 2). Ruiz CR, Sergio RRN, Vidsiunas AK, et al. Two aberrant polar arteries to right kidney: A case report. Int J Anat Var. 2017;10(2):016-17. SUMMARY: This study intends to describe an anatomical variation found in a routine dissection of a male cadaver. The main renal artery had originated in the abdominal part of the aorta artery and followed his course until its entrance on the renal hilum; however instead of a rectilinear trajectory from the aorta it had a descending and quite angular trajectory. From the main renal artery arises an anomalous polar artery that enters in the inferior polo of the right kidney. This anomalous artery starts 51,88 mm after the origin of the main renal artery. On a lower level, at the same height as the aorta bifurcation arise another anomalous polar artery that enters in the renal hilum following a rectilinear trajectory until the inferior polo of the right kidney. There is a vast range of branches that supply the superior and inferior polo of the kidneys originating directly from the aorta or from the main renal artery and that is widely described in literature, however there is no general agreement between the different authors about the nomenclature used in the description of each case. Key Words: Anatomical variations, Renal artery, Kidney, Vascular variation, Abdomen Figure 1) Digital photograph of right kidney. LV Liver; RV Right renal vein; IVC Inferior vena cava; KD Kidney; A Aorta artery; GV Gonadal vein; RP Right renal pelvis; Arrow Right renal artery; Arrowhead Aberrant polar renal artery; *Aberrant polar renal artery Figure 2) Schematic illustration of vascular variations founded. LV Liver; RV Right renal vein; IVC Inferior vena cava; A Aorta; RP Renal pelvis; GV Right gonadal vein; ED Stomach and duodenum flatted; IM Inferior mesenteric artery; Arrow Right renal artery; Arrowhead Aberrant polar renal artery; *Aberrant polar renal artery