~ 309 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2021; 10(4): 309-313 ISSN (E): 2277- 7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.23 TPI 2021; 10(4): 309-313 © 2021 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 08-02-2021 Accepted: 24-03-2021 Siddique RA Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Chaudhary S Professor and Head, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, CVSc & AH, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, India Kelawala NH Vice Chancellor, Kamdhenu University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India Bharti MK Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Khan MA Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Extension, A.H. College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Garg A Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Siddique RA Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Oxidative stress profiling in repeat breeder Surti buffalo Siddique RA, Chaudhary S, Kelawala NH, Bharti MK, Khan MA and Garg A DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2021.v10.i4e.5943 Abstract Repeat breeding is very important infertility problem in Surti buffaloes caused by various factors which causes low milk production and reduced number of calves per animal leading to economic losses at farmer and industry levels. This study was conducted to study the oxidative stress which is an important factor of repeat breeding in Surti buffalo. The blood samples were collected at Livestock Research Station, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat and analyzed for glucose, BUN, Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Cl - in the control and repeat breeder Surti buffalo. These samples were analyzed for various parameters of oxidant/antioxidant status in repeat breeder buffalo. The level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased (p<0.05) as compared to normal Surti bufaalo (2.40±0.16 vs. 4.52±0.20). Nitric oxide level was also increased significantly in repeat breeder buffalo as compared to normal buffalo (24.76±1.01 vs. 42.01±0.58). Level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher in repeat breeder buffalo as compared to normal. Moreover, the level of Glucose, SOD, catalase, glutathione and total oxidant capacity were significantly decreased in the repeat breeder Surti buffalo (p<0.05). Therefore, the study concluded that repeat breeder Surti buffalo is under oxidative stress and should be provided adequate amount of antioxidants and minerals in their food. Keywords: Surti buffalo, oxidative stress, repeat breeder, nitric oxide, infertility Introduction Repeat breeding (RB) is a major factor involved in infertility of buffalo. In India the Incidence of repeat breeding varies between 5-32 percent in cows and 6-30 percent in buffaloes (Gupta et al., 2005) [12] . Taraphder et al., (2002) [32] reported 12.14 percent incidence of repeat breeding in Murrah buffaloes. It is a substantial problem in cattle breeding leading to large economic loss for the dairy producer due to more inseminations, increased calving interval and increased culling rates (Bartlett et al., 1986; Lafi et al., 1992) [6, 17] . The main constraints of Surti buffalo developments are reproductive disorders, poor nutrition and parasitic infections. Ovarian inactivity, silent heat, endometritis and repeat breeding are the main reproductive disorders in buffaloes (Ahmed et al., 2010) [3] . RB may be defined as failure to conceive from three or more regularly spaced services in sub fertile animals and it should not have the anatomical or infectious irregularities (Zemjanis, 1980) [35] . The animals have apparently normal genitalia with clear discharge and having normal oestrous cycle length. The animals fail to become pregnant inspite of timely inseminations with proper technique of insemination. Huge economic losses are encountered due to high incidence (20-39%) of repeat breeding (Nanda and Singh, 2008) [20] . Causes of RB include oxidative stress, estrus detection errors, endocrine dysfunction, ovulatory defects, poor fertilization rates and or early embryonic loss (Nanda and Singh, 2008) [20] . Free radicals are also involved in many infertility related diseases. A free radical is defined as molecular species capable of independent existence and containing one or more unpaired electrons making them paramagnetic and relatively active. These are formed as natural byproducts of oxygen metabolism and serve the purpose of killing bacteria and refuse body matter but when out of control, they become toxic and start damaging body tissues by a process called oxidative stress. There are many causes of oxidative stress that can cost producer money. Diseases, fast growth, early lactation, obesity, adverse environmental conditions such as heat stress increase oxidative stress. Moreover, diet also plays a key role; vitamin and mineral imbalance can be linked to oxidative stress as well. Substances that neutralize the potential ill effects of free radicals are called antioxidants or free radical scavengers. Imbalance between these oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for tissue injury