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O
ccasionally, patients present to the clinic
with facial palsy after intracranial resection
and grafting of the facial nerve in the setting
of skull base tumors. The degree of palsy varies, but
invariably these patients inquire as to the progres-
sion, fnal facial function, and the need for and tim-
ing of future operations. The primary study goals
Disclosure: The authors have no financial interest
to declare in relation to the content of this article.
Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001881
Shai M. Rozen, M.D.
Bridget L. Harrison, M.D.
Brandon Isaacson, M.D.
J. Walter Kutz, Jr., M.D.
Peter S. Roland, M.D.
Patricia A. Blau, Ph.D.
Samuel L. Barnett, M.D.
Bruce E. Mickey, M.D.
Dallas, Texas
Background: Reconstructive surgeons may encounter patients presenting after
intracranial facial nerve resection and grafting in the setting of skull base
tumors, who inquire regarding progression, fnal facial function, and need
for future operations. Study goals were to analyze global and regional facial
function using established grading systems and videography, while examine
variables possibly affecting outcomes.
Methods: Between 1997 and 2012, 28 patients underwent intracranial nerve
grafting. Fifteen were prospectively evaluated by three facial nerve physical
therapists with the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 and the Sunnybrook Facial
Grading Score for function and the Facial Disability Index for quality of life.
Still photographs and videography were used to assess quality of motion and
tone, while demographic and medical variables were analyzed regarding their
effect on end results.
Results: Average patient age was 41.9 years (range, 22 to 66 years), and there
were 10 women and fve men. Average time interval between nerve grafting
and evaluations was 42.9 months (range, 12 to 146 months). Both grading
scores demonstrated best outcomes in the periorbita and worst outcomes in
the brow. Buccinator muscle tone also improved. The average total Facial Dis-
ability Index was 67.5 percent. Although not statistically signifcant, the data
suggest that nerve gap length affected total resting symmetry and voluntary
movement, whereas preoperative palsy and age may affect total resting symme-
try. Perioperative radiation therapy, tumor type, donor nerve, and coaptation
technique were not found to affect outcomes.
Conclusions: Intracranial facial nerve grafting largely provides better resting tone
and facial symmetry, potentially improving end results of future intervention; how-
ever, overall voluntary facial motion is poor. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 137: 267, 2016.)
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
From the Departments of Plastic Surgery, Otolaryngology,
Physical Therapy, and Neurosurgery, University of Texas
Southwestern.
Received for publication May 27, 2015; accepted August
24, 2015.
Presented at the Best Paper Session at the American Society
of Reconstructive Microsurgery Meeting, in Paradise Island,
Bahamas, January 21 through 27, 2015; and at the 94th
Annual Meeting of the American Association of Plastic
Surgeons, in Scottsdale, Arizona, April 11 through 14, 2015.
Intracranial Facial Nerve Grafting in the
Setting of Skull Base Tumors: Global and
Regional Facial Function Analysis and Possible
Implications for Facial Reanimation Surgery
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