Research Article
Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil
Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in
Healthy Volunteers
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ,
1
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ,
1
Jakkrit Wongwan,
1
Kanyarat Thiwan,
1
Wandee Rungseevijitprapa,
2
Areewan Klunklin,
3
and Wipada Kunaviktikul
3
1
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, ailand
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University,
Ubon Ratchathani 34190, ailand
3
Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ailand
Correspondence should be addressed to Chaiyavat Chaiyasut; chaiyavat@gmail.com
Received 5 March 2020; Revised 9 July 2020; Accepted 13 July 2020; Published 26 July 2020
Academic Editor: Filippo Maggi
Copyright © 2020 Chaiyavat Chaiyasut et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. e aromatic essential oils have been used in the
treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in
traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. e
chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is
known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. e current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood
states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. e Profile of Mood
States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level,
respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were de-
tected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. e heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. e
inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human
subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. e results of the current study warrant further
studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L.
cubeba plant.
1. Introduction
Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to
improve health. e aromatic essential oils have been used in
the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil
vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Aromatherapy helps to
improve the quality of the lifespan of chronic patients. For
instance, the lavender oil-based aromatic massage therapy
and Rosa damascene Mill essential oil therapy improved the
sleep quality of cardiac patients [1, 2].
Litsea is one of the diverse genera, which contains
200–400 species of the Lauraceae family distributed across
the tropical and subtropical regions. Litsea species are
commonly used in the traditional medicine of several na-
tions for thousands of years [3]. Litsea cubeba (Lour.)
Persoon is an aromatic plant widely scattered in Australia,
America, Japan, China, and Southeastern Asia [4]. L. cubeba
is a potent fumigant plant [5] and also used in cosmetics and
foods as essence [6, 7]. e chemical composition of the
essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been reported
Hindawi
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2020, Article ID 4389239, 8 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4389239