Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, 4, 1236-1239
Published Online November 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jep)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.411142
Open Access JEP
Survey of Parasitologique Surface Water Quality (R’Dom
Oued Sidi Kacem, Morocco)
Fatima Benel Harkati, Khadija Elkharrim, Sadek Sanae, Driss Belghyti
Laboratory of Environment and Renewable Energies, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofaїl University, Kenitra, Morocco.
Email: harkati_fatima@hotmail.fr, belghyti@hotmail.com
Received August 16
th
, 2013; revised September 18
th
, 2013; accepted October 17
th
, 2013
Copyright © 2013 Fatima Benel Harkati et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Domestic effluent from the city of Sidi Kacem in the north-western Morocco is released untreated into the Oued R’dom.
We propose in this study to proceed with sampling wastewater at the three collectors Oued R’dom from upstream (Bab
tissra) to downstream (Zirara) through the domestic center of the city of Sidi Kacem. The sampling was carried out
twice a month over a period of five months (January, February, March, April and May). We used the technique Bai-
lenger amended by [1]. At the upstream percentages of positive samples helminth eggs found in wastewater are: Nema-
todes 30%, 20% and 10% Ascaris sp, Trichuris sp, Enterobius vermicularis for Cestodes 30% Taenia. Sp and the eggs
and larvae of strongyles 30%. At the home collector (C) nematodes are represented by the eggs of Ascaris sp, 60%, fol-
lowed by Tri-churis sp. 40% for Enterobius. Vermicularis eggs sp. représentent 20% of the class Cestoda with percent-
ages of positive samples for Taenia sp 30% and 10% for Hymenolepis. sp. is isolated from cyst protozoan Entamoeba
coli 10% for eggs, and larvae of strongyles 60% presented in the wastewater at the Downstream class nematodes is 70%
with 40% of Ascaris sp, and 30% Trichuris sp. la class Cestoda is represented by 30% of Taenia. Sp. et Hymenolepis’s.
Sp. 10%. For eggs and larvae of strongyles is 40%. Exceeding the WHO standards, these parasites pose a potential haz-
ard to the direct and indirect use of wastewater from the town of Sidi Kacem.
Keywords: Wastewater; Noise; Pollution; R’Dom Oued Sidi Kacem; Morocco
1. Introduction
The city of Sidi Kacem is particularly affected by the
pollution problem, because of its growing population and
ongoing development of the industrial and agricultural
sector. The river is one of R’dom wadis superficial net-
work of the city, currently threatened by human activities
which often have a negative impact on the health of po-
pulations. Domestic wastewater contains all microorgan-
isms excreted with faeces. This normal enteric flora is
accompanied by pathogens. They are therefore of parti-
cular interest to specialists in public health because they
reflect the level of infestation of human and animal popu-
lations as they arise [1,2].
2. Study Area
Sidi Kacem is located 84 km east of the city of Kénitra,
82 km north-west of the city of Fez and 46 Km north of
the city of Meknes (Figure 1). According to the 2004 cen-
sus, the population of Sidi Kacem was 74,062 inhabitants
which covers a geographical area of 199.909 ha also an
extensive network of wadis touring the province: Oued
R’dom-Oued Ourgha-Oued Sebu. It is characterized by a
continental climate semi-arid. Monthly rainfall (393 mm)
and the dry season is between June and September. We are
interested in three main sewers of the city (Figure 1).
- Collector A: It drains upstream of Wadi R’dom.
- Collector B: It drains downstream Oued R’dom.
- Collector C: It drains the center of the town of Sidi
Kacem (domestic sewage).
3. Method of Study
Samples of wastewater 2 liters each are collected and
preserved by the addition of 10% formalin (2 ml/liter) in
clean bottles and transported to the Laboratory of Envi-
ronment and Renewable Energies. The wastewater sam-
ples were placed in test tubes 1 liter and allowed to settle
for eight hours (overnight).
In this research, we opted for the WHO recommended
to characterize the parasite load of wastewater Sidi Kacem