Tema
Tend ˆ encias em Matem ´ atica Aplicada e Computacional, 21, N. 1 (2020), 43-55
© 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Matem´ atica Aplicada e Computacional
www.scielo.br/tema
doi: 10.5540/tema.2020.021.01.0043
Construction of Polygonal Color Codes from Hyperbolic Tesselations
W. S. SOARES JR
1*
, E. B. SILVA
2
, E. J. VIZENTIM
3
and F. P. B. SOARES
4
Received on December 3, 2018 / Accepted on September 20, 2019
ABSTRACT. This current work propose a technique to generate polygonal color codes in the hyperbolic
geometry environment. The color codes were introduced by Bombin and Martin-Delgado in 2007, and the
called triangular color codes have a higher degree of interest because they allow the implementation of the
Clifford group, but they encode only one qubit. In 2018 Soares e Silva extended the triangular codes to
the polygonal codes, which encode more qubits. Using an approach through hyperbolic tessellations we
show that it is possible to generate Hyperbolic Polygonal codes, which encode more than one qubit with
the capacity to implement the entire Clifford group and also having a better coding rate than the previously
mentioned codes, for the color codes on surfaces with boundary with minimum distance d = 3.
Keywords: color codes, topological quantum codes, hyperbolic geometry.
1 INTRODUCTION
One of the great difficulties of performing quantum computing is decoherence, as Unruh warned
in 1995 [20]. Decoherence is the decay phenomenon of superposition of states, due to the in-
teraction between the system and the surrounding environment. In theory, the problem may be
solved using quantum error-correcting codes. Quantum states can be cleverly encoded so that the
harmful effects of decoherence can be resisted.
The classical theory of error-correcting codes was stablish by Shannon in 1948 [15]. Shor, in
1995, was the first to show an quantum error-correcting code [16], overcoming the non-cloning
theorem and achieving an analogue to the classic repeating code. Shor’s code belongs to a class of
codes known as CSS codes, which was introduced by Calderbank and Shor [6] and Steane [19].
*Corresponding author: W. S. Soares Jr. -– E-mail: waldirjunior@utfpr.edu.br
1
Departamento de Matem´ atica, UTFPR, Universidade Tecnol´ ogica Federal de Paran´ a, Via do Conhecimento, Km
1,85503-390, Pato Branco, PR, Brasil. E-mail: waldirjunior@utfpr.edu.br https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6216-8691
2
Departamento de Matem´ atica, UEM, Universidade Estadual de Maring´ a, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring´ a, PR,
Brasil. E-mail: ebsilva@uem.br https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-5174
3
UTFPR, Universidade Tecnol´ ogica Federal de Paran´ a, Via do Conhecimento, Km 1, 85503-390, Pato Branco, PR,
Brasil. E-mail: emersonjose11@hotmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-9834
4
Colegiado Multidisciplinar, IFPR, Instituto Federal do Paran´ a, Av. Bento Munhoz da Rocha Neto, PRT 280, 85555-000,
Palmas, PR, Brasil. E-mail: franciele.soares@ifpr.edu.br https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7893-8101