72 International Journal of Advances in Computer Networks and Its Security Volume 6 : Issue 3 [ISSN 2250-3757] Publication Date : 30 December, 2016 Model of Sender Node Extra Energy Savings Achievable in MANET against Direct Node-to-Node Transmission Using Location-Aware Transmission in Ubicomp. M. Kaleem GALAMALI, Assoc. Prof Nawaz MOHAMUDALLY Abstract – Quite extensive research is ongoing concerning enhancement of location tracking in Mobile environment and significant development have been put forward [35- 50]. As and when new components for Mobile network are put forward, new functionalities will be devised or ways of doing existing activities will be improved. MAUC, however, still lacks the software engineering approaches into metrics and models development to sustain predictability and govern future investments of resources for development and further research [2]. One particular sub-area within the area of energy considerations in ubicomp is modelling of sender node energy savings using location-aware MANET transmission provided in another paper [14]. The next set of investigation involves quantifying and modelling the extra energy savings achievable against Direct Node-to-Node transmission, the pattern of trend for this extra savings under different sets of node densities and method of predicting the trend equations for use in predictive probability calculations. The area of modelling in ubicomp involves much work and this paper adds to this area and will be used by designers to formulate better ubicomp architectures and components. This paper is a follow-up of previous papers [1-15] with more emphasis from papers [2, 14]. Key terms: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, SLNTNES- Sender Less Node-to-Node Energy Savings, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, CBR- Constant Bit Rate, BRE- Basic Reference Energy. M. Kaleem GALAMALI, University of Technology Mauritius (student) Mauritius Assoc. Prof Nawaz Mohamudally University of Technology Mauritius, Mauritius 1. Introduction Energy consumption in MAUC is affected by several factors [2]. A major factor remains that energy for transmission varies proportional to the square of distance between sender and receiver. Additional factors may include types of transmission, whereby 2 types are of concern here: direct node-to-node transmission [2] and MANET transmission at different node densities [14]. Many researchers put forward that use of MANETs help in saving energy [51]. A plausible model for energy savings in MANET is provided in paper [14]. The question which will demarcate which of the two above mentioned types of transmission saves more energy in the event that MANET intermediate nodes are supplied as infrastructure and their energy consumptions are not of concern from sender‟s perspective remains: “How much extra energy savings does the sender node achieve for CBR transmission in MAANET transmission compared to direct node-to- node transmission?”. Additional questions include:  Which node densities give less good performance in MANET than in direct node-to-node transmission?  Which node densities give better performance in MANET than in direct node-to-node transmission?  Is a break-even point between the two parts above conceivable? This study derived from 2 previous studies [2, 14] and results presented here remain empirical based. The key contributions of this paper is firstly, the development of a new metric SLNTNES (derived from other metrics), including its definition and rationale, and secondly, the model of trend put forward for the metric SLNTNES with results for varying node densities from 7 until 56. The model suggested in this paper is the normal distribution model (with some positive skewness). The rest of this paper is organised as follows: section 2- New Derived Metric- Sender Less Node-to-Node Energy Savings, section 3- SLNTNES Trend Assessment over Varying Node Numbers, 4- Conclusion and References. 2. New Derived Metric: Sender Less Node-to-Node Energy Savings (SLNTNES). As stated in previous research [14], the term BRE is used here also. BRE is the amount of energy spent by a sender in direct node-to-node transmission if all CBR packets were transmitted at maximum distance noted between sender and receiver.