87 International Journal of Advances in Computer Networks and Its Security– IJCNS Volume 7: Issue 1 [ISSN : 2250-3757] Publication Date : 06 April, 2017 Model of Maximum CBR Distance Travelled by packets in MANETs using Location-Aware Transmission for Ubicomp. M. Kaleem GALAMALI, Assoc. Prof Nawaz MOHAMUDALLY Abstract – MANET transmission strategies in MANET are considered good for energy containment and management for ubicomp [62]. Hence research in location-awareness and MANETs remain very significant. It is projected that further development will involve technologies like land- based GPS systems, improved location refresh rates and location accuracy, along with developments of better protocols optimised for transmission following distance criteria. To better tune transmission protocols and achieve optimal MANET performance, one desirable knowledge would be the trends of distance coverages by packets in a ubicomp for varying node densities. A previous study in this direction was made [26], whereby the metric PPD was devised. In this paper, another metric “Max_CBR_Dist”, derived from PPD is defined and its corresponding trends over varying node densities are presented. This paper adds a second component after the metric PPD [26] to the area of modelling for managing distance packets travel in ubicomp topography of varying node densities. Designers may use these results towards formulation of better transmission protocols for ubicomp. This research is a follow-up of previous work [1-26]. Key terms: Ubicomp- Ubiquitous Computing, MAUC- Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing, MANET- Mobile Adhoc Network, PPD- Packets_Per_Distance, Max_CBR_Dist – Maximum_CBR_Distance, CBR- Constant Bit Rate. M. Kaleem GALAMALI, University of Technology Mauritius (student) Mauritius Assoc. Prof Nawaz Mohamudally University of Technology Mauritius, Mauritius 1. Introduction Distance coverage is a predominant factor affecting energy consumption in MAUC. This energy expenditure varies proportional to the square of distance a packet travels [15]. In MANET transmission, the sender node along with all MANET route nodes forward packets corresponding to each CBR. One impact in the topography is that total number of packets circulating within the MANET topography. With increasing node density, this total number of packets is expected to increase. The sender node forwards packets to the closest neighbour but there is no guarantee that all hops will be of equal distance nor that the first hop is the smallest or biggest one for each CBR. The research questions put forward here are: “What are the maximum hop distance experienced by each CBR? What is the trend observable for this maximum hop count and how does it vary with varying node densities?” The work presented here, is also empirical based and is built over previous work [26]. It follows from the statement that metric PPD remains a wide scope metric from which other sub-component metrics could be formulated. Each such sub-component metric may have specific characteristics that may be utilised for specific decision making in protocols to be used. The key contributions of this paper is firstly, the development of a derived metric Max_CBR_Dist, derived from PPD for CBR Packet Per Distance analyses. The definition and rationale of metric Max_CBR_Dist is put forward. Secondly, the model of trend is put forward for the metric Max_CBR_Dist with results for varying node densities from 7 until 56 in a topography of 300 x 300 m 2 . The model proposed is the normal distribution model. The rest of this paper is organised as follows: section 2- New Derived Metric – Maximum_CBR_Distance, section 3- Max_CBR_Dist Trend Assessment over Varying Node Numbers, 4- Conclusion and References. 2. New Derived Metric – Maximum_CBR_Distance. Following definition of PPD [26], Max_CBR_Dist is defined as the maximum distance coverage noted for the whole of a CBR along a MANET topography. It can also be termed as the longest hop distance noted for a CBR. MANET routes may vary during a CBR transmission. It is envisageable to have the metric at value 0. This may occur for short durations of transmission with snapshot MANET topology whereby all hops are below 0.5 m even though distance between sender and receiver may be high. The results of this study may serve towards the same purposes as described in previous paper [26].