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Social Media + Society
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DOI: 10.1177/2056305119872950
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Article
Introduction
As social media have become a regular feature of the infor-
mation environment and news media work in particular,
scholars have followed with interest the trend of media work-
ers representing themselves online and developing personal
brands. In a digital economy where attention is the primary
currency exchanged (Davenport & Beck, 2013; Kinstler,
2013), one’s reputation is as valuable as the work performed
or the content produced. The online profile page has become
a sort of status symbol, communicating to the rest of the
world one’s place within it (boyd & Ellison, 2007). This com-
bined with a constant stream of updates, posts, images, and
interactions forms a digital brand that differentiates its owner
from others in the field and helps make assurances about ori-
gin or quality (Murphy, 1987; Stanton & Stanton, 2013).
This practice of personal branding has become especially
important for journalists (Brems, Temmerman, Graham, &
Broersma, 2017), whose work conditions are inherently pre-
carious and becoming more so (Deuze, 2013). In an effort to
communicate their value, journalists’ branding efforts speak
to multiple constituencies. They market their content and
defend their credibility to their audiences. They demonstrate
to their employers their careful adherence to policy and com-
mitment to the organization. Also, they show solidarity with
other journalists in an age when news media and their
democratic functions are under attack. These interactions
have been styled as individual, organizational, and institu-
tional branding in previous research (Molyneux, Holton, &
Lewis, 2017; Sacco & Bossio, 2016). These branding efforts
are not strictly professional, as studies suggest that journal-
ists’ and other media workers’ self-representations often
blend both personal and professional aspects (Duffy &
Pruchniewska, 2017; Scolere, Pruchniewska, & Duffy,
2018). This means journalists’ performance of identity on
social media often includes aspects of gender and the self.
While the prevalence, forms, and motivations behind this
form of personal branding work are beginning receive much
scholarly attention, this work has yet to fully examine how
performances of gender may interact with branding efforts.
Research suggests that in general, men and women communi-
cate differently, especially on social media (for a meta-analy-
sis, see Liu, Ainsworth, & Baumeister, 2016). But these
patterns may be overridden by organizational and institutional
norms as many media professionals feel compelled to use
social media as part of their job (Scolere et al., 2018) while
872950SMS XX X 10.1177/2056305119872950Social Media <span class="symbol" cstyle="Mathematical">+</span> SocietyMolyneux
research-article 20192019
Temple University, USA
Corresponding Author:
Logan Molyneux, Journalism, Temple University, 2020 N. 13th Street, AH
305, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
Email: logan@temple.edu
A Personalized Self-image: Gender and
Branding Practices Among Journalists
Logan Molyneux
Abstract
As the field of journalism becomes increasingly unrecognizable, the messages that identify the journalist, their work, and
their affiliations are of increasing importance. This study envisions journalism and social media both as gendered spaces and
examines their intersection as the setting of much of journalists’ branding work. In this setting, gender’s influence on the
extent, style, and target of journalists’ branding efforts is examined using data from two different datasets (content analysis
and survey). The findings suggest that female journalists take a more personalized approach by speaking about themselves in
their profiles and their tweets and focusing more resources and attention on their individual brands. This suggests that female
journalists are not well served by male-dominated news organizations and therefore turn to a more personalized self-image
in their branding efforts. This understanding is particularly important as societies and newsrooms both work toward a more
inclusive, egalitarian future.
Keywords
gender, branding, digital journalism, social media, content analysis, survey