Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences, Volume 46, No. 3, 2019
- 439 -
© 2019 DAR Publishers/University of Jordan. All Rights Reserved.
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* Department of English & Translation, Applied Science Private University, Jordan. Received on 27/4/2018 and Accepted for
Publication on 8/4/2019.
Adjectival Constructs in Standard Arabic
Abdulazeez Jaradat*
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on two constructs in Arabic; adjectival genitive constructs and adjectival constructs with a
possession clitic. They have been previously studied in Kremers (2003) and Fassi (1999); however, the
distinction in between is not clear. This study shows how they are syntactically different. Following the spell-
out algorithm (Chomsky 2001), I show that only the adjectival genitive construct should be a spell-out domain.
Being a spell-out domain prevents accessing this domain after shipping it to interfaces. Therefore, word
insertion and optional number agreement are prevented in the construct that forms a spell-out domain, which
is the adjectival genitive construct.
Keywords: Adjectival genitive construct, construct with a possession clitic, spell-out domain,
word insertion, optional number agreement.
1. Introduction: syntactic distribution of adjectives in Arabic
In this section, I introduce the possible distributions of adjectives in Arabic. I also show how agreement is established
between adjectives, either post-nominal and pre-nominal, and their modified nouns. Adjectives can appear in post-
nominal and pre-nominal positions in Arabic. Post-nominal adjectives are in a full agreement with their modified nouns.
In (1a&b), for example, the adjectives t ̩ awi:l appears post-nominally and has full agreement with the preceding NPs,
radʒul-u-n and nisa:ʔ-u-n:
(1) a. radʒul-u-n t ̩ awi:l-u-n
man-NOM-INDEF.SG tall-NOM-INDEF.SG
‘A tall man’.
b. nisa:ʔ-u-n t ̩ awi:l-a:t-u-n
woman.PL-NOM-INDEF tall-PL.FEM-NOM-INDEF
‘Tall women’.
If the modified noun is intimate, its post-nominal adjectives can be either in full or partial agreement with it, as
exemplified in (2). The adjective ʕa:lj is specified as plural in (2a) and singular in (2b) although the modified noun is
plural in both examples.
(2) a. Full agreement:
al-samaw-a:t al-ʕa:lj-a:t
DEF-heaven-PL.FEM DEF-high-PL.FEM
‘The high heavens’.
b. Partial agreement:
al-samaw-a:t al-ʕa:lij-ah