Journal of Sensor Technology, 2013, 3, 115-125
Published Online December 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jst)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jst.2013.34018
Open Access JST
Adaptive “Cubature and Sigma Points” Kalman Filtering
Applied to MEMS IMU/GNSS Data Fusion during
Measurement Outlier
Hamza Benzerrouk
1
, Hassen Salhi
1
, Alexander Nebylov
2
1
SET Laboratory (Systèmes Electriques et Télecommande) of Electronic Department of
Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Soumaa, Algeria
2
International Institute for Advanced Aerospace Technologies of Saint-Petersburg State University of
Aerospace Instrumentation, 67 Bolshaya Morskaya, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Email: hz_ben@hotmail.fr, hassensalhi@gmail.com, nebylov@aanet.ru
Received October 12, 2013; revised November 25, 2013; accepted December 2, 2013
Copyright © 2013 Hamza Benzerrouk et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Li-
cense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, adaptive sensor fusion INS/GNSS is proposed to solve specific problem of non linear time variant state
space estimation with measurement outliers, different algorithms are used to solve this specific problem generally oc-
curs in intentional and non-intentional interferences caused by other radio navigation sources, or by the GNSS receiver’s
deterioration. Non linear approximation techniques such as Extended Kalman filter EKF, Sigma Point Kalman Filters
such as UKF and CDKF are computed to estimate the navigation states for UAV flight control. Several comparisons are
conduced and analyzed in order to compare the accuracy and the convergence of different approaches usually applied in
navigation data fusion purposes. The last non linear filter algorithm developed is the Cubature Kalman Filter CKF
which provides more accurate estimation with more stability in Tracking data fusion application. In this work, CKF is
compared with SPKF and EKF in ideal conditions and during GNSS outliers supposed to occur during specific interval
of time, innovation based adaptive approach is selected and used to modify the covariance calculation of the non linear
filters performed in this paper. Interesting results are observed, discussed with real perspectives in navigation data fu-
sion for real time applications. Three parallel modified algorithms are simulated and compared to non-adaptive forms
according to Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) criteria.
Keywords: IMU; MEMS; GPS; GNSS; Kalman Filtering; Cubature Rule; Sigma Points; Unscented Kalman Filter
1. Introduction
Data fusion for non linear system is one of the most impor-
tant and challenging problems in Multisensor signal proc-
essing and integrated navigation systems today. In our
work, sensors used are inertial as the main system with
external aid provided by GPS and GLONASS receivers
known recently as Global Navigation Satellite System
“GNSS” solutions. Data fusion based on IMU/GNSS has
been widely explored and experimented in the special-
ized literature [1,2]. For inertial sensors, accelerometers
and gyroscopes, the technology of manufacturing these
sensors has a great importance and high impact on the
accuracy of inertial navigation systems. In this paper, it is
assumed that accelerometers and gyroscopes are in the
category “Low cost” which gives more important interest
in real time applications where most sensors are MEMS
Micro Electrical Mechanical Systems based technology.
The most inconvenient of these inertial sensors are the
biases and drifts growing during time, which needs to be
bounded by another technology of sensors such as used
in our work, called GNSS receivers. Satellite-based sys-
tems such as GNSS gives today’s satellite trajectory and
high-precision navigation. Inertial sensors combined with
GNSS receiver are a good alternative and reliable inte-
grated system for navigation purposes. However,
“GNSS”; Galileo E5a/E5b signals and the GPS L5 signal
lie within the Aeronautical Radionavigation Services
(ARNS) band. They suffer interference from the services
in this frequency band, in particular, high power pulsed
signals from Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) and
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) systems embeeded on
most aircrafts. The pulsed interference degrades received