Czech Technical University in Prague WORKSHOP 2011 Project carried out within the framework of the CTU Student grant competition in 2010 This research has been supported by SGS grant No. SGS10/291/OHK3/3T/13 Interactive Modeling and Visualization of Virtual Urban Spaces Jiri Zara, Elena Duskova, David Sedlacek duskoele@fel.cvut.cz Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Computer Graphics and Interaction Abstract In this overview paper the main techniques used in procedural modelling of architecture (buildings, facades) are described. This is a relatively new and wide interdisciplinary field, which is growing very quickly, mainly in the last ten years. We discuss important publications focused on procedural techniques like L systems or shape grammars and their usability in procedural architecture creation. Then, we introduce essential articles on procedural modelling of cities and we also include ideas from papers specialized in generation of buildings, facades, architectural structures and related city components. Finally, we focus on interesting computer vision techniques in architecture reconstruction and their connection to formal languages. Our aim is to demonstrate that the procedural city modelling needs to integrate specially modified computer vision algorithms in order to achieve a higher degree of realism and a wider acceptance in various professional application areas. Key Words Procedural modelling, grammars, computer vision, architectural styles, buildings 1. Introduction Procedural modelling is somewhere in between hand-made process (with full control) and physically based simulation (weak result control). It is based on code segments or algorithms that specify some characteristics of a computer-generated model or effect. Procedural modelling refers to a wide number of techniques for automatic creation, often defined by a small input set of data that describe the properties. The actual object is constructed by a