Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 30 (2): 1397 - 1408 (2022)
ISSN: 0128-7680
e-ISSN: 2231-8526
Journal homepage: http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/
© Universiti Putra Malaysia Press
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Article history:
Received: 06 June 2021
Accepted: 15 September 2021
Published: 28 March 2022
ARTICLE INFO
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.30
E-mail addresses:
fierasuhaimi@gmail.com (Nur Musfirah Suhaimi)
nurulhusna@uitm.edu.my (Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan)
rushdan@frim.gov.my (Rushdan Ibrahim)
latifah@frim.gov.my (Latifah Jasmani)
* Corresponding author
Pulping Yield and Mechanical Properties of Unbeaten
Bamboo Paper
Nur Musfrah Suhaimi
1
, Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan
2
*, Rushdan Ibrahim
3
and
Latifah Jasmani
3
1
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 UiTM, Bandar Tun
Abdul Razak, Pahang, Malaysia
3
Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
One way to minimize emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change is to
reduce the use of wood as the main material for pulp and paper production. Therefore, non-
woody plants such as bamboo can be alternatives as raw materials for pulp and paper. This
study aims to determine the efect of the diferent bamboo species and age on the bamboo
pulping yield and bamboo mechanical paper properties. Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa
levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii bamboo species or locally known as Aur, Beting, and
Semantan bamboo at the age of 1, 3, and 5-year old, were pulped using Soda-Anthraquinone
(AQ) pulping. No beating process was conducted to all the papermaking processes to
evaluate the basic mechanical properties of the bamboo paper. Pulping yield ranged from
35.7 to 51.7% at diferent bamboo species and age, with the pulping conditions at 20%
of NaOH, 170ºC pulping temperature, 90 min time to reach pulping temperature and 90
min time at pulping temperature, 1:6 of bamboo to liquor ratio and 0.1% of AQ based on
bamboo oven-dried weight. The paper was made according to TAPPI Standard T205 sp-
95. The paper mechanical properties for burst index, tear index, tensile index, and folding
endurance ranged from 1.32 to 2.36 kPa.m
2
/g, 7.48 to 14.9 Nm
2
/g, 16.02 to 29.68 Nm/g,
and 2 to 28 double folds, respectively, at diferent bamboo species and age. It was found
that Beting bamboo has the potential to be
a viable raw material for pulp and paper
products as it shows the highest mechanical
properties compared to Aur and Semantan.
Keywords: Bamboo age, bamboo species, paper
mechanical properties, pulping yield, soda-AQ pulping