Research Article
Associate, Hyperdomainlike, and Presimplifiable Hyperrings
Agboola Adesina Abdul Akeem
1
and Davvaz Bijan
2
1
Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
2
Department of Mathematics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
Correspondence should be addressed to Agboola Adesina Abdul Akeem; aaaola2003@yahoo.com
Received 12 February 2014; Accepted 17 June 2014; Published 14 August 2014
Academic Editor: Feng Feng
Copyright © 2014 A. Adesina Abdul Akeem and D. Bijan. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Based on the works of Axtell et al., Anderson et al., and Ghanem on associate, domainlike, and presimplifable rings, we introduce
new hyperrings called associate, hyperdomainlike, and presimplifable hyperrings. Some elementary properties of these new
hyperrings and their relationships are presented.
1. Introduction
Te study of strongly associate rings began with Kaplansky
in [1] and was further studied in [2–5]. Domainlike rings
and their properties were presented by Axtell et al. in [6].
Presimplifable rings were introduced by Bouvier in the series
of papers [7–11] and were later studied in [2–4]. Further
properties of associate and presimplifable rings were recently
presented by Ghanem in [12].
Te theory of hyperstructures was introduced in 1934 by
Marty [13] at the 8th Congress of Scandinavian Mathemati-
cians. Introduction of the theory has caught the attention
and interest of many mathematicians and the theory is now
spreading like wild fre. Te notion of canonical hypergroups
was introduced by Mittas [14]. Some further contributions to
the theory can be found in [15–19].
Hyperrings are essentially rings with approximately mod-
ifed axioms. Hyperrings (, +, ⋅) are of diferent types intro-
duced by diferent researchers. Krasner [20] introduced a type
of hyperring (, +, ⋅) where + is a hyperoperation and ⋅ is an
ordinary binary operation. Such a hyperring is called a Kras-
ner hyperring. Rota in [21] introduced a type of hyperring
(, +, ⋅) where + is an ordinary binary operation and ⋅ is a
hyperoperation. Such a hyperring is called a multiplicative
hyperring. de Salvo [22] introduced and studied a type of
hyperring (, +, ⋅) where + and ⋅ are hyperoperations. Te
most comprehensive reference for hyperrings is Davvaz and
Leoreanu-Fotea’s book [18]. Some other references are [23–
31].
In this paper, we present and study associate, hyperdo-
mainlike, and presimplifable hyperrings. Te relationships
between these new hyperrings are presented.
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we will provide some defnitions that will be
used in the sequel. For full details about associate, domain-
like, and presimplifable rings, the reader should see [1, 4–
6, 12]. Also, for details about hyperstructures and hyperrings,
the reader should see [12].
Defnition 1. Let be a commutative ring with unity.
(1) is called an associate ring if whenever any two
elements , ∈ generate the same principal ideal
of , there is a unit ∈ () such that = .
(2) is called a domainlike ring if all zero divisors of
are nilpotent.
(3) is called a presimplifable ring if, for any two
elements , ∈ with =, we have =0 or
∈ ().
(4) is called a superassociate ring if every subring of
is associate.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Mathematics
Volume 2014, Article ID 458603, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/458603