Vol. 6 No. 1 Maret 2009 Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia || 1 INDUKSI SINTESA KURKUMINOID DALAM KALUS TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorriza, Roxb) AKIBAT PENGARUH HORMON 2,4-D DAN FENILALANIN PADA MEDIA KULTUR Induction of curcuminoid synthesis in Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Roxb) Callus Effected by 2,4-D Hormone and fenilalanine in Media culture Yudi Rinanto 1 Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Setia Budi 1 Abstrak Penambahan prekursor ke dalam media Murashige Skoog (MS) secara in vitro diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sintesa kurkuminoid dalam kalus. Fenilalanin merupakan prekursor dalam sintesa kurkuminoid. Hormon 2,4-D juga ditambahkan kedalam media tumbuh untuk menginduksi pembentukan kalus. Konsentrasi hormon 2,4-D dan Fenilalanin masing-masing sebanyak 0 ppm, 2 ppm dan 4 ppm. Uji kualitatif kurkuminoid dilakukan dengan reaksi warna dan KLT (khromatografi lapis tipis), dilanjutkan uji kuantitatif menggunakan silika GF 254 sebagai fase diam, dan kloroform : etanil 965 : asam acetat glasial (94:5:1) sebagai fase gerak. Bercak dianalisa dengan KLT densitometer dan luas area bercak dimasukkan dalam persamaan kurva baku kurkuminoid. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan waktu induksi kalus tercepat dihasilkan oleh pemberian hormon 2,4-D sebanyak 4 ppm. Kadar kurkuminoid rimpang lebih besar dari pada kadar kurkuminoid dalam kalus. Kombinasi hormon 2,4-D dan Fenilalanin menghasilkan kadar kurkumin lebih banyak dibanding kadar desmetoksi-kurkumin untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan yang sama. Kadar kurkumin terbanyak dihasilkan oleh kombinasi hormon 2,4-D dan Fenilalanin dengan konsentrasi masing- masing 4 ppm sebesar 0,39%. Sedangkan kadar desmetoksi-kurkumin terbanyak dihasilkan oleh kombinasi hormon 2,4-D dan Fenilalanin berturut-turut dengan konsentrasi 4 ppm dan 2 ppm sebesar 0,1865 %. Pemberian hormon 2,4-D bersama-sama dengan fenilalanin kedalam media tumbuh lebih banyak berpengaruh terhadap sintesa kurkumin dibanding desmetoksi-kurkumin. Kata kunci : kurkuminoid, temulawak, 2,4-D, fenilalanin 1).Tenaga pengajar Kopertis Wilayah VII, dpk STIPER Jember ABSTRACT The addition of precursor into in vitro Murashige Skoog (MS) media culture expected to be able improve curcuminoid synthesis within the callus. Phenylalanine is precursor in curcuminoid synthesis. 2,4-D hormone is also added into media culture to induce callus formation. The concentration of 2,4-D hormone and phenylalanine is 0, 2 and 4 ppm, respectively. The qualitative analysis was done with color reaction and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with gel silicon GF 254 as stationary phase and chloroform : ethanol 96%: glacial acetic acid (94:5:1) as movement phase and detected by the visible ligh. The quantitative analysis was done by measuring the spot area in the TLC chromatogram with TLC scanner, and then was calculated using standart curcumin curve. Base on the experiment indicates 2,4-D Hormone with 4 ppm result the fastest time callus induction. Curcuminoid content is higher in rhizome compared in callus. The combination of 2,4-D hormone and phenylalanine yield the higher curcumin content than desmetoxi-curcumin for each treatment combination. The highest curcumin content is produced by 2,4-D hormone and phenylalanine combination with 4 ppm concentration that is 0,39 %. Meanwhile the highest desmetoxi-curcumin is produced by 2,4-D hormone and phenylalanine combination with 4 and 2 ppm concentration, respectively, that is 0,18 %. 2,4-D hormone and phenylalanine affects more significantly in curcumin synthesis rather than desmetoxi-curcumin. Keywords: curcuminoid, Curcuma xanthoriza Roxb, 2,4-D hormone, phenylalanin. 1).Lecturer of STIPER Jember