Civil Engineering and Architecture 10(4): 1303-1316, 2022 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2022.100406
Advanced Techniques of Flood Forecasting, Flood
Inundation Mapping and Flood Prioritization of Panam
River Basin
Monal Patel
1,2,*
, Falguni Parekh
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, PIET, Parul University, Vadodara, India
2
WREMI, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
Received January 30, 2022; Revised March 29, 2022; Accepted April 15, 2022
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Monal Patel, Falguni Parekh, "Advanced Techniques of Flood Forecasting, Flood Inundation Mapping and
Flood Prioritization of Panam River Basin," Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1303-1316, 2022.
DOI: 10.13189/cea.2022.100406.
(b): Monal Patel, Falguni Parekh (2022). Advanced Techniques of Flood Forecasting, Flood Inundation Mapping and
Flood Prioritization of Panam River Basin. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10(4), 1303-1316. DOI:
10.13189/cea.2022.100406.
Copyright©2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Floods have been quite possibly the most
troubling natural disasters in history, causing significant
casualties, loss of life, and collateral destruction. Also, we
see a shift in the frequency of rainfall every year due to
climate change, which exacerbates flooding. Flood
forecasting is essential to provide early warning to the
people of flood-prone areas, provide enough time for
preparedness, and reduce the damage to lives and
properties. The flood inundation simulation is critical in
presenting potential impending flooding in the study region.
Furthermore, flood prioritization plays a key role in better
watershed management. Looking at the present scenario,
the machine learning methods like neural networks and
fuzzy logic contribute profoundly to the headway of flood
forecast frameworks giving better execution and
financially savvy arrangements. The flood forecasting
models can be developed using ANN, ANFIS and fuzzy
logic. The comparative study between the developed
models can also be carried out by determining different
evaluation parameters. For flood forecasting using ANFIS,
it is found that the coefficient of correlation values ranges
from 0.85 to 0.95. In order to regulate the extent of the
flooded area and the depth of the flooded water, HEC-RAS
efficiently develops a flood inundation map. Flood
inundation maps can be used to know the regions which are
more or less vulnerable to flooding hazards.
Keywords Flood, ANN, ANFIS, HEC-RAS, Fuzzy
Logic, Panam River Basin, Flood Forecasting, Flood
Inundation Mapping and Flood Prioritization
1. Introduction
As per the report of UNISDR, 56% of the world
population has been affected by floods for the last two
decades. India represents one-fifth of worldwide passing
because of floods. There is frequent flooding on the Panam
river and nearby Panam River. Many villages are situated,
frequently damaged due to flooding on the dam's
downstream side. Overcrowding is one of the major causes,
as people's cities are moving closer to water sources,
causing infrastructure and human life to be harmed.
Furthermore, we see a shift in the frequency of rainfall
every year due to climate change, which exacerbates
flooding. When citizens have begun to live around water
sources, adequate precautions and conservation measures
have been applied to mitigate the morality and other
negative consequences. Real-time flood monitoring, which
is a challenging method, may be one of the steps. It
combines efforts to define topic danger zones, model
flooding region relationships, specific flood probabilities,
thresholds, and set troubling conditions. Scientists are
perplexed because perfect flood forecasts are very tough to