International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 10(3): 396-403, 2022 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100305
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R (CSAI-2R):
Adapting and Validating Its Indonesian Version
Miftah Fariz Prima Putra
*
, Tri Setyo Guntoro
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura, 99351, Indonesia
Received February 28, 2022; Revised March 28, 2022; Accepted May 9, 2022
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Miftah Fariz Prima Putra, Tri Setyo Guntoro , "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R (CSAI-2R): Adapting and
Validating Its Indonesian Version," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 396
- 403, 2022. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2022.100305.
(b): Miftah Fariz Prima Putra, Tri Setyo Guntoro (2022). Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R (CSAI-2R): Adapting and
Validating Its Indonesian Version. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(3), 396 - 403. DOI:
10.13189/saj.2022.100305.
Copyright©2022 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory
(CSAI) is claimed to be the most popular measuring
instrument used by researchers in revealing competitive
anxiety in athletes. However, the research report stated that
the instrument had psychometric weaknesses, so the CSAI
was revised to CSAI-2R. Currently, there are not many tests
on the psychometric properties of the latest version of the
CSAI. The aim of this study is to test the CSAI-2R in the
Indonesian version. A total of 200 elite Papuan Indonesian
athletes (120 males, 80 females) whose mean age was 21.98
years, SD = 5.07 took part in the study. There are three
instruments used in the study, namely CSAI-2R, Sport
Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2), and Spirituality in Sports Test
(SIST). The statistical analysis used Confirmatory Factor
Analysis (CFA) and the internal consistency testing used
Cronbach Alpha. The finding shows that the model fits on
several parameters including RMSEA = .045, GFI = .919,
CFI = .964, TLI = .955, PNFI = .717, and PGFI = .661. The
factor loading value of each item ranges from .44 to .83 with
squared multiple correlations ranging from .19 to .69. The
reliability values range from .61 to .86. Overall, the
convergent validity test shows a correlation coefficient value
of .722, while the divergent validity test shows that the
correlation coefficient value is not significant (r = -.120). The
conclusion of this study is that the Indonesian version of the
psychometric property of the CSAI-2R is a valid and reliable
competitive anxiety measurement instrument for measuring
athlete anxiety.
Keywords Adaptation and Validation, Competitive
Anxiety, CSAI-2R, Sport Anxiety
1. Introduction
In the discipline of sports psychology, anxiety is one of
the most widely discussed psychological constructs [1].
This happens because experts believe that the anxiety that
occurs in athletes is an important factor that determines
whether athletes will come out as winners or losers [2,3].
Therefore, many measuring instruments to determine and
understand the level of anxiety in sports have been
developed [4] and the CSAI has become one of the most
popular measuring instruments in the study of athletes'
competitive anxiety [5,6]. However, some researchers
revealed that there were doubts regarding the factorial
validity of the CSAI [7]. Research that tested the CSAI
reported that psychometrically the measuring instrument
still has weaknesses [6]. Therefore, Lane et al. [8] question
the validity of CSAI-2 as an instrument to reveal
competitive state anxiety.
The first CSAI was developed by Martens, Burton,
Rivkin, and Simon [5] by way of modifying the State-Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAI) developed by Spielberger,
Gorsuch, and Lushene [9]. Although CSAI was developed
from STAI, there are fundamental differences between the
two measuring instruments. CSAI is constructed with a
specific target of measuring the aspects of anxiety in the