Bala et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2022; 12(4):221-226 ISSN: 2250-1177 [221] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 18.07.2022 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research Copyright © 2011-2022 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited Open Access Full Text Article Review Article Holarrhena antidysenterica in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a potential review Kiran Bala , Indu Melkani , Ajeet Pal Singh, Amar Pal Singh, Jaspreet Kaur* , St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus behind NIT (R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India Article Info: _______________________________________________ Article History: Received 14 May 2022 Reviewed 02 July 2022 Accepted 13 July 2022 Published 18 July 2022 _______________________________________________ Cite this article as: Bala K, Melkani I, Singh AP, Singh AP, Kaur J, Holarrhena antidysenterica in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a potential review, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2022; 12(4):221-226 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4.5458 _______________________________________________ *Address for Correspondence: Kiran Bala, St. Soldier Institute of Pharmacy, Lidhran Campus behind NIT (R.E.C.), Jalandhar-Amritsar bypass NH-1 Jalandhar-144011, Punjab, India Abstract ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is generally known as kurchi in Hindi. It is a small deciduous tree found in arid woods throughout the world including India. H. Antidysenterica is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat Inflammatory Bowel disease, dysentery, diarrhoea and worms in the intestines. Plant parts like bark are useful in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, boils, and ulcers. The Phytoconstituents found in the plant ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and triterpenoids. Anti-amnesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal, antioxidant/free radical activity , radical scavenging, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anthelmintic and anti-microbial effects are found as pharmacological properties of Holarrhena antidysenterica. H. antidysenterica bark contains alkaloids the most important of which is the steroidal alkaloid conessine which is the major therapeutic constituent. Conarrhimine, Conimine, Conamine, Conessidine, Isoconessimine, Dimethyl Conkurchine and Holarrhimine are among the various alkaloids studied. The bark also includes gum, resin, tannin, lupeol and the digitenol glycoside Holadysone in addition to alkaloids. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used to treat malaria, chest infections, asthma, bronchopneumonia, stomach disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery. Keywords: HA- Holarrhena antidysenterica, IBD- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Collitus 1 Introduction: Holarrhena antidysenterica (Family - Apocynaceae, Common Name: Kutaza, Bitter Oleander, Kurchi) is a large tree, 9-10 feet tall, abundant in sub Himalayan tract and mountainous areas. The seeds are linear or oblong concave with a long coma shape, light brown in color and showing epigeal germination. The Unani and Ayurvedic medicine system uses this excellent drug against many infectious diseases caused by helminthes, Staphylococcus aureus, Entamoeba histolytica, and Escherichia coli infections. The bark and seeds of HA used in diarrehoea, ashthma,piles , amoebic dysentery 1 . H. antidysenterica produces gastrointestinal tract activation by activating histamine receptors and relaxes the gastrointestinal tract by blocking the Ca ++ channel, which provides a basic reason for its usefulness in gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation and diarrhea 2 . Alkaloids are the major elements in HA and are responsible for a variety of actions. Alkaloids are usually insoluble in water however the HA plant contains conessine an alkaloid that is soluble in water and has a variety of therapeutic effects. Other alkaloids that are found in nature and have a variety of pharmacological effects 3 . According to Charaka, the pods have stanyasodhana (a lactodepurant), the indrayava (seed) contains ama and asthapanopaga (includes enema) and the plant contains vamaka and arsoghna, which have symptoms of bleeding and anti-haemorrhoidal respectively. For no Ayurveda, a plant recommended for the treatment of obesity, asthma, bronchopneumonia, hepatosplenomegaly and rheumatism. H. antidysenterica is a major ingredient in a few Ayurvedic remedies arrangements such as Kutajghan Vati, Kutajarista and Kutaja churna, used to treat diarrhea, diarrhea, fever and bacterial infections. This plant is mentioned in Susruta Samhita as antiseptic, vermifuge, febrifuge, detoxicant 4 . In Indian Ayurvedic medicine H. antidysenterica is used to cure Atisara (diarrhoea and dysentery). The pods include stanyasodhana (a lactodepurant) the indrayava (seeds) contain ama and asthapanopaga (enema adjuncts) and the plant contains vamaka and arsoghna which have emetic and anti-haemorrhoidal qualities respectively according to Charaka. Susruta attributes diuretic properties of seeds and sukrasodhana to the plant in general (sperm-purifier). The herbs is characterized as antiseptic, vermifuge, febrifuge and detoxicant in the Susruta Samhita and is thought to cure malignant ulcers, leprosy, diarrhoea and other severe skin illnesses. The herb is used to treat obesity, asthma, bronchopneumonia, hepatosplenomegaly and rheumatism in modern Ayurveda 4 .The administration of an aqueous extract of H. antidysenterica seed to diabetic mice resulted in a considerable increase in antioxidant enzyme activity as well as a reduction in free radical levels. The results of the above stated biomarkers showed that extract of H. antidysenterica seed reduces oxidative stress in diabetic animals by inhibiting ROS formation and reducing high blood glucose levels 5 .