Associations of macro and micronutrients and antioxidants intakes with preeclampsia: A case-control study in Jordanian pregnant women H. Yusuf a, 1 , H.S. Subih a, * , 1 , B.S. Obeidat b, 1 , G. Sharkas c, 1 a Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan b Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan c Field Epidemiology Training Program, Non-communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan Received 4 August 2018; received in revised form 21 January 2019; accepted 21 January 2019 Handling Editor: A. Siani Available online --- KEYWORDS Preeclampsia; Dietary habits; Antioxidants; Blood pressure Abstract Background and objectives: A study was conducted to evaluate whether preeclampsia in pregnant women is associated with dietary factors and antioxidant intake (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and selenium). Methods and results: In this caseecontrol study, a group of 79 pregnant Jordanian women (36 preeclamptic pregnant women and 43 healthy pregnant women aged 18e45 years with a gesta- tional age 20th week of pregnancy) were recruited from the obstetrics and gynecology clinics at Royal Medical Services, King Hussein Medical Center, Amman, Jordan. Information about socio-demographics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical measurements, nutritional intake, and dietary habits was collected through a structured interview. Three 24-hour dietary records were also made. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and dietary intake was analyzed using ESHA software. Prepregnancy BMI, age, multiple pregnancies, energy intake, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and sodium showed significant difference between preeclamptic pregnant women and healthy pregnant women. The odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) show that a strong association with preeclampsia exists for the intake of fat (OR Z 6.40, 95% CI: 1.85e22.17) and saturated fat (OR Z 3.35, 95% CI: 1.0e11.54). Inverse associations with preeclampsia were found for fruit intake (OR Z 0.16, 95% CI: 0.47e0.55) and olive oil intake (OR Z 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05e0.78). Conclusion: In this caseecontrol study in Jordanian pregnant women, preeclampsia was associ- ated with a high intake of fat, saturated fat, and sodium and a low intake of fruits, fiber, vitamin C, B-carotene, and olive oil. ª 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Feder- ico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction Hypertension is not unusual during pregnancy. Usually before delivery and at some point, pregnant women may have higher than normal blood pressure values [1]. Pre- eclampsia, observed in 2%e8% of pregnancies, can be defined as hypertension accompanied by proteinuria, which usually occurs during the second half of pregnancy [1]. * Corresponding author. Department of Nutrition and Food Technol- ogy, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. BOX 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Fax: þ 962 2 7201078. E-mail address: hssubih@just.edu.jo (H.S. Subih). 1 All authors contributed equally to this work. Please cite this article as: Yusuf H et al., Associations of macro and micronutrients and antioxidants intakes with preeclampsia: A case- control study in Jordanian pregnant women, Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.numecd.2019.01.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2019.01.008 0939-4753/ª 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases (xxxx) xxx, xxx Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nmcd