[1] Art song involves an oftentimes uneasy marriage between poetry and music, and nowhere is this more apparent than in
their respective rhythms. In Songs in Motion Yonatan Malin wades into the sometimes fractious relationship between poetic
rhythms and musical rhythm and meter in the nineteenth-century German Lied. Malin serves not as a marriage counselor,
but more like a sociologist (or sociobiologist) of marriage, a neutral observer, but one with a deep knowledge of and love for
the institution.
[2] Malin approaches poetic and musical rhythm and meter in the Lied taxonomically, looking at the most common musical
renderings for poetic feet along with their settings in lines of different length (iambic trimeter, trochaic tetrameter, and so
forth). He also develops a straightforward schema for representing poetic rhythms and their (musical) metrical setting:
accented syllables are indexed relative to their metric position; beats that carry weak or empty syllables are marked with a
dash. So, for example, a trimeter (three-stress) line in simple duple meter might be set [1, 2 / 1 - ], that is, with strong
syllables on beats 1, 2, and the following 1, and a weak or empty syllable on the next beat 2 (16–17). With this elegantly
simple premise and methodology, Malin first shows the range of possibilities for putting particular poetic rhythms into
various musical settings, and then—and this is the book’s key contribution—he is able to show what possibilities were
actually used and are most prevalent. Malin is thus able to talk about these songs in terms of the compositional choices made
under a complex set of constraints, both musical and lyrical. He is also well positioned to trace the rhythmic evolution of the
genre over the course of the nineteenth century, from a poetically dominated volkstümlich approach, preferred by composers
and poets (especially Goethe) at the beginning of the nineteenth century to settings with far greater rhythmic variety and
complexity at the century’s end.
[3] In his opening chapter Malin lays out his basic poetic/musical taxonomy, with an ear sensitive to the nuances of both
poetic and musical rhythm. The feet of German lyric poetry involve two or three syllables, typically arranged with three or
four stresses per line (trimeter and tetrameter), though dimeter and pentameter (and longer) lines do occur. As Malin notes,
however, “the recurring patterns of stress and line that define poetic meter get us only so far to a full understanding of poetic
Volume 17, Number 2, July 2011
Copyright © 2011 Society for Music Theory
Review of Yonatan Malin, Songs in Motion: Rhythm and Meter in
the German Lied (Oxford University Press, 2010)
Justin London
KEYWORDS: Malin, Lied, Rhythm, Meter, Poetics, Nägeli, Hensel, Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Wolf
Received February 2011
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