How to Cite: Anyabe, A. J., Ebegbulem, J. C., & Aghachi, I. O. (2022). Nigerian social formation and separatist agitations: Scoping the inextricable nexus. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S3), 10079–10091. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS3.9380 International Journal of Health Sciences ISSN 2550-6978 E-ISSN 2550-696X © 2022. Manuscript submitted: 18 Feb 2022, Manuscript revised: 27 April 2022, Accepted for publication: 9 June 2022 10079 Nigerian social formation and separatist agitations: Scoping the inextricable nexus Adams John Anyabe, Ph.D Department of Political Science, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria E mail: anyabe2003@yahoo.com, Email: anyabeadams@unical.edu.ng Joseph C. Ebegbulem, Ph.D Department of Political Science, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria Email: jcebegbulem@yahoo.com Idam Ogbonnaya Aghachi Department of Political Science, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria Email: iagachi@gmail.com Abstract---In the last two decades or so, there has been a surge in violent separatist agitations in Nigeria. There isthe Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) in the South-east, the Yoruba Nation Movement in the South-west, agitation for resource control in the South-south, the Boko Haram insurgency in the north, and a plethora of other violent criminal activities across the country. The paper examined the nature of the Nigerian social formation and how it has driven violent separatist agitations in the polity, in the last two decades. Data for the study was generated from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was derived from interviews, while secondary data was got from extensive library search. The Structural Conflict Theory was used as the framework of analysis, and information generated was analysed descriptively in line with the objectives of the study. The analysis established there is an inextricable nexus among the multi- ethnic nature of the Nigerian social formation; the multi-religious composition of the country; the rentier state system being operated in Nigeria, and the rise in violent agitations in the country. It was recommended that there is a need for a new national values reorientation that aim at strengthening the centripetal forces that should drive us toward a nationalistic ideal, and the weakening of the centrifugal forces which have been pulling us apart. It was also recommended that the ruling elite should work towards addressing the cries of inequity and marginalization, in the distribution of the country’s wealth, by the minority ethnic nationalities, and also provide for the citizenry the most basic of their social needs such as food, shelter, education, healthcare, employment, etc., which have not been