138 JF FIK UINAM Vol.2 No.4 2014 Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanokapsul Asiklovir Tersalut Kitosan- Alginat yang Dipaut Silang dengan Natrium Tripolifosfat Isriany Ismail, Hasriani, Surya Ningsi Jurusan Farmasi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar ABSTRACT Formulation and characterization of chitosan-alginate crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate as coating agents acyclovir nanocapsule purposed to determine how the comparison the coating of chitosan and sodium alginate crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate produce the best nanocapsule characteristics based on morphological observations and encapsulation efficiency. Nanocapsule formulation by the ionic gelation method by using chitosan concentrates variation on formula A, B, and C in succession 1.5%, 1.75%, and 2%, sodium alginate 0.5%, 0.625%, and 0.75% with stable concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate is 5%. Nanocapsule was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 297 nm with encapsulation efficiency obtained from the formula A, B and C, respectively for 58.5%; 87.25% and 55.25%. Observation of the shape and size of nanocapsule performed using SEM. Formula B with concentration of chitosan 1.75%, sodium alginate 0.625% and sodium tripolyphosphate 5% has the best characteristics with the encapsulation efficiency 87.25%, that the smallest particle size was 200 nm and the largest particle size was 4500 nm. Keywords: Nanocapsule, Acyclovir, Chitosan, Alginate, Sodium Tripolyphosphate. PENDAHULUAN Sistem penghantaran obat seperti vesikel, cairan kristal, mikropartikel dan nanopartikel saat ini sedang dikembangkan untuk mencegah efek samping berbahaya dan meningkatkan bioavailabilitas obat. Nanopartikel didefinisikan sebagai partikel dispersi atau partikel padat dengan ukuran 10-1000 nm. Obat ini dilarutkan, dijerap, dienkapsulasi atau menempel pada matriks nanopartikel (Mohanraj, 2006, 5: 562). Nanopartikel sebagai sistem penghantaran obat telah dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan khasiat obat, bioavailabilitas, mengurangi toksisitas dan meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dengan menargetkan sel-sel dan jaringan untuk menghasilkan tindakan farmakologis yang diinginkan (Kaur et al, 2011, 3: 1227). Ukuran nanopartikel memberikan sejumlah keuntungan yang berbeda brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by E-Jurnal UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri) Alauddin Makassar