Case Report Bimaxillary Aneurismal Bone Cyst in Patient with End Stage Renal Disease and Hyperparathyroidism: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature Sedigheh Bakhtiari, 1 Mahin Bakhshi, 1 Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas, 2 Hasan Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, 3 Zahra Elmi Rankohi, 4 and Somayeh Rahmani 1 1 Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4 Oral Medicine Department, Dental School, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Correspondence should be addressed to Somayeh Rahmani; s.rahmani2011@yahoo.com Received 13 May 2016; Revised 1 August 2016; Accepted 4 September 2016 Academic Editor: Junichi Asaumi Copyright © 2016 Sedigheh Bakhtiari et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Aneurismal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare bony lesion occurring predominantly in long bones. Its jaws’ involvement is uncommon and the simultaneous involvement of both jaws is very rare. Tis report is about a 27-year-old female experiencing renal failure with ABC involving her maxilla and mandible. Te progressive lesion was treated surgically and there was no recurrence afer 18 months of follow-up. 1. Introduction Te frst clinicopathological description of aneurismal bone cyst (ABC) was done by Jafe and Lichtenstein in 1942 [1]. ABC is not lined by epithelium and it is not a true cyst. According to the defnition of the World Health Organization (WHO), ABC is a benign tumor-like lesion [2]. Te term “aneurismal” was used to refer to this lesion because of the “blow-out” efect or afected bone that appears in this type of lesion [3, 4]. Te most common locations of ABCs are long bones and the vertebral column. Te frequency of skull and mandibular occurrence is 4% [5]. Jaws involvement is uncommon and only 1.9–2% has been reported [1, 6]. ABC has extreme variable clinical presentations; the most typical feature is the well-defned swelling of sof tissue when it increases the size of the adjacent bone [3]. As usual, ABC has a slow growing painless mass until erosion of the cortical plates occur, thereby showing a rapid growth which may cause pain. Other clinical presentations are facial defor- mity, malocclusion, tooth mobility, neurologic symptoms including dysesthesias and paresthesia, progressive nasal obstruction due to sinus involvement of the maxillary lesions, ptosis, diplopia, pathologic fracture, perforation of cortex, and hearing of bruit if the arterial component is involved signifcantly [3, 7–9]. Radiographic examination shows a unilocular or multi- locular radiolucency, ofen with marked cortical expansion and thinning and the border of lesion may be well defned or poorly defned. Ballooning or blow-out distention of the afected bone may be seen. A frequent histologic feature of ABC is the vascular form with blood-flled cavernous and sinusoid spaces with a variable amount of hemosiderin, pigmentation, and giant cells. Tere are evidences of reactive and woven bone in connective tissues, as well [3, 4, 6]. In Kalantar Motamedi et al.’s study, from 120 cases of maxillofacial ABC, only one case had concurrent mandibular and maxillary ABC [7]. We reported a rare case of bimaxillary ABC in a patient with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and hyperparathyroidism. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Case Reports in Dentistry Volume 2016, Article ID 7026106, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7026106