1555
© 2021 Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
Original Article Research Article
Abstract
Background: Alcohol holds an important role in social engagement in southeast Nigeria. It is
considered pleasurable by many who drink it in mild or moderate quantities. Studies show an
increasing trend in alcohol consumption, including among adolescents. Aim: The aim of the
study is to determine the prevalence and patern of alcohol use among adolescents living in
urban setlements in Enugu Urban, Southeast Nigeria. Materials & Methods: A cross sectional
descriptive study was conducted, using purposive sampling method. Using semi-structured
questionnaires, we obtained information on their biodata, medical history, alcohol consumption
profles and a few other lifestyle behaviors. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS
version 23. Results: A total of 473 youngsters aged 10 yeras-19 years were recruited from the
two setlements. Females (mean age 15.4 years) were also older than males (mean age 14.8
years) p=0.02. The prevalence of current alcohol use within the preceding 4 weeks was 23.7%
(112/473). Males drank alcohol more frequently than females (31.8% vs. 17.8%). p<0.01) and local
brew (palm wine) was the commonest alcoholic consumed 40 (35.7%). The amount of alcohol
consumed (in grams) rose sharply after the age of 15 years with a steeper gradient being observed
among the males. Conclusion: This study shows that there was a moderate rate of alcohol use
among adolescents in the study population which increased sharply after 15 years of age. There
is therefore a need for public health enlightenment targeted at adolescents both in school and
in the community, to highlight the dangers of excessive alcohol use thereby preventing future
alcoholism and consequent heart, vascular, brain and liver diseases that may ensue.
Keywords: Adolescents; Alcohol; Beer; Stout; Enugu; Nigeria
Corresponding author:
Birinus Ezeala Adikaibe, Department
of Medicine, University of Nigeria
Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria,
Tel:+2348036769469;
E-mail: birinusadikaibe@gmail.com
How to Cite this Article: Mbadiwe N, et al. Alcohol Use in Selected Low-
Income Neighbourhoods in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res.
2021;11:1555-1560.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
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Alcohol Use in Selected Low-Income Neighbourhoods
in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Nkeiru Mbadiwe
1
, BirinusEzeala Adikaibe
1*
, Justin Achor
2
, Innocent Okoye
3
, Obinna Onodugo
1
,
Obumneme Anyim
1
, Uchenna Ijoma
1
, Chidimma Orah-Okpala
1
, Collins Ugwu
4
and Nkeiru Onodugo
1
1
Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria;
2
Department of Neuropsychaitric Hospital,
Enugu, Nigeria;
3
Department of Medicine Odumegwu, Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria;
4
Department of
Medicine, Ebonyi State Teaching Hospital, Abakiliki, Nigeria
Introduction
The use of alcohol is widespread and integrated into the cultural
practices of many ethnic nationalities in Nigeria. Alcohol is
commonly used and abused alongside other psychoactive
substances in Nigeria and other countries of the world.
[1-4]
There are indicators within the last two to three decades, alcohol
consumption has increased sharply in the country and especially
among adolescents.
[4,5]
The adolescent age group, covering the ages of 10 years-19 years,
is a very important stage in human development, and represents
the transitional period between childhood and adulthood.
[6,7]
It
is a period during which multi-faceted developmental changes
take place in the physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioral
domains.
[8]
Most children leave home within this age group
and are no longer under the full supervision of their parents
or guardians. At this point, many will be exposed to social
infuences and peer pressure leading to the exposure to several
psychoactive substances including alcohol.
[1]
Incidentally, the
initiation of alcohol use behavior often occurs at this stage of
development as well as laying the foundations for later drinking
and future psychoactive drug use habits.
[8]
Previous studies suggest that the risk factors that predispose
adolescents to use and abuse alcohol are male gender, alcohol
use in the family, peer pressure, ready availability of alcohol
in neighborhoods, lack of parental supervision, and inadequate
social and coping skills.
[9,10]
To this must be added the infuence
of poor school engagement, interaction with alcohol and drug
using peers, infuence of alcoholic beverage advertisements, and
community perception of alcohol use among young people.
[11-13]
Studies on the drinking behavior of adolescents indicate an
increasing trend in Nigeria.
[14,15]
Published reports on the extent
of alcohol use among adolescents and young adults in Africa
have quoted a widely varying range of Figures. For instance, the
WHO estimated that 41% of adolescents aged 15 years-19 years
in Africa admitted to having used alcohol in 2012 whereas 29%
stated that they had used it in the past 12 months.
[16]
This has
been also reported in several other studies.
[14-20]
Studies from
Nigeria have reported diferent prevalence rates for alcohol use
among adolescents which are varied between regions possibly
because of socio-cultural diferences (especially religious
beliefs) and the particular age group studied. In Benin City,
Akanni et al.
[21]
reported a prevalence rate of 55.9% of ever
using alcohol while Osonuga et al.
[15]
in south west Nigeria
reported a lifetime prevalence of alcohol use among adolescents
as 66%. Another study from southern Nigeria among 1080
secondary school students in Port Harcourt reported a prevalence
of current drinking and lifetime drinking of 30.6% and 38.1%
respectively.
[22]