IJSIM
9,5
436
On the relationship between
perceived service quality,
service loyalty and switching
costs
Ko de Ruyter and Martin Wetzels
Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, and
Josée Bloemer
Department of Marketing, Limburg University Centre,
Diepenbeek, Belgium
Introduction
In the literature on services marketing relatively little attention has been paid
to the concept of service loyalty. A limited number of attempts have been
made to conceptualise service loyalty and to investigate its antecedents
(Gremler and Brown, 1996). However, despite these attempts and despite its
perceived importance in marketing theory and practice (Jones and Sasser,
1995; Reichfeld and Sasser, 1990), customer loyalty still “presents an enigma
to researchers” (Oliver, 1996, p. 389). Implicitly, service loyalty is often
incorporated as an ultimate dependent variable in service quality models
(Fornell et al., 1996), yet the precise nature of the service quality-service
loyalty connection has remained fuzzy as the result of limited
conceptualisations and contradictory empirical results (Boulding et al., 1993;
Cronin and Taylor, 1992). Most studies that have examined the service
quality-service loyalty relationship focused on one specific industry only,
limiting the generalisability of results (e.g. Crosby and Stephens, 1987; Kelley
et al., 1993; Rust and Zahorik, 1993). Furthermore, Cronin and Taylor (1992)
and Zeithaml et al. (1996) report differences between various service
providers, but they both do not specifically address explanations for these
differences. Dick and Basu (1994) suggest that the level of switching costs in a
given industry might very well influence customers’ disposition towards
different services. In this article we examine the relationship between service
quality, service loyalty and switching costs across five different service
industries. It is structured as follows. First, we will offer a brief synthesis of
the extant literature on key conceptual issues. We subsequently discuss the
results of a study designed to provide a multi-sector insight on the
relationship between service quality, service loyalty and switching costs. We
conclude with a discussion of a number of theoretical and managerial
implications of our results.
Received February 1997
Accepted November
1997
International Journal of Service
Industry Management,
Vol. 9 No. 5, 1998, pp. 436-453,
© MCB University Press, 0956-4233