Arab J. Nucl. Sci. Appl., Vol. XX, X, XX -XX (2022)
Characterization of Some Synthesis Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Sorbent Materials
Omar S. Khalifa
1
, Hassan H. Abbas
2
, Magdy A. Rizk
1
, Mostafa A. Zahran
1
, Mohamed A. AbdelSalam
2
,
Maha M. Ali
2
, Ibrahim A. Mousa
1
and Mamdouh F. Abdelsabour
1*
(1)
Soil and water researches Department, Nuclear Researches Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
(2)
Soil and Water Department., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received: 28
th
Jan. 2022
Accepted: 14
th
June 2022
Different synthesized materials either irradiated or non-irradiated were examined in the
laboratory to identify its characteristics as efficient absorbers in removing Pb, Cd, and
Cu from contaminated water. Bio-based polymers are gaining overwhelming interest and
recognition worldwide due to the health, safety, and environmental concerns associated
with the conventional synthetic polymers. These bio-based polymers are renewable,
biodegradable, and environmentally-friendly. The characterization analysis confirmed
the successful synthesis of the investigated materials. The processing of rice straw was
effective in removing silica and hemicellulose and leaving microcrystalline cellulose with
an accepted level of purification. Vulcanized used fried oil was efficient to produce
polysulphide polymer. Results gained from this laboratory work indicated that irradiated
sorbents were more effective on the sorption of Pb, Cd and Cu especially those exposed to
lower doses compared to the non-irradiated sorbents. At a high gamma ray dose (50
KGy), some sorbents showed inhabitation effect on sorption behavior and also removal
efficiencies. It can be concluded that rice straw and fried oil can be used to synthesize
suitable sorbents to remove contaminants from the water, and gamma radiation
treatment was effective to improve contaminants removal.
Keywords:
Gamma Irradiation,
Microcrystalline Cellulose,
Potential Toxic Elements,
Spongy Polysulfide Polymer,
Synthesis Sorbent Materials.
INTRODUCTION
Fresh water scarcity in addition to simultaneous
increase in the amount of wastewater is an alarming
issue. The gap between demand and availability of water
is accounted for about 13.5 Bm
3
/yr. Recycling and Reuse
of treated wastewater in the agriculture sector can reduce
this gap and minimize the dependent on freshwater
resources [1-2].
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) abundant in
industrial discharged water, pesticides and nutrient
elements (N, P, K, and others) are found in agricultural
drainage water [3-5]. Tested water samples collected
from greater Cairo water bodies (near to industrial zones
including Shoubra El-Khima and Mostorod) had a high
level of PTEs, especially Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni [6]. Long-
term irrigated soils with domestic and industrial
wastewater in Elgabal Elasfar area recorded a high
accumulation of PTEs such as Pb and Cu [1].
Biomass and biomaterials from agricultural byproducts
are being widely used for adsorption with or without
modification. Their natural adsorption abilities without
modification can sometimes be quite efficient. New bio-
sorbents are being studied which would offer metal
recovery, low costs, and minimum requirements of
secondary waste treatment arising from the adsorption
process [7]. In this respect, agricultural wastes are
promising materials for the removal of PTEs from their
aqueous solutions [8].
Searching for sustainable materials that can
decontaminate PTEs from wastewater became
a necessity. In this regard, some researchers reported that
cellulose can be modified physically and chemically to
form different materials, which can be used for waste
treatment. Cellulose-based materials have natural
binding capacity for metal ions [9-10]. Cellulose is
a crystallization material with an abundance of hydroxyl
groups [11]. The rice husk could be used for the
adsorption of lead and copper ions as reported by Vieira
et al. [12] while other researchers [13] used rice husk and
rice straw for the adsorption of Hg(II) after treatment
with NaOH. In a comparative study [14], two cellulose
Corresponding author: wise2007egy@yahoo.com
DOI: 10.21608/ajnsa.2022.118786.1549
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(E S N S A)
ISSN 1110-0451
Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications
Web site: ajnsa.journals.ekb.eg