IJESC, July 2020 26591 http:// ijesc.org/ ISSN 2321 3361 © 2020 IJESC A Comparative Assessment on Production Cost and Output Yield of Organic and Bt Cotton Farmers Srushtideep Angidi 1 , Ajay Bogati 2 Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India 1 Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India 2 Abstract: The recent years has seen a serious concern over the problem of environmental degradation and an urgent need for its sustainability has been raised. To achieve a friendly and green environment, research discloses that organic farming can partly offer a solution. The organic farming has its own benefits and hardship son farmer’s life. This paper therefore attempts to assess the expenditure and margin incurred between organic cotton farmer and Bt cotton farmer. The study reveals that organic farmer produced equivalent net income in some cases, even higher income compared to Bt farmers with much healthier biodiversity. Keywords: Organic cotton, Bt cotton, Input cost and Economic output. I. INTRODUCTION: Current market trends reveal that organically produced products are becoming widely accepted throughout the world. As people around the globe are becoming aware of introduction of a reckless chemical based agricultural policy in the recent decades and their adverse impact on the health and environment. Due to which they tend to approach towards organic farming for healthier biodiversity. This increases the demand of organic crop not only food and horticultural crops but also various other cash crop and plantation crops. Of all other cash crops, Cotton plays a dominant role in India’s economy. Cotton and its value-added products are major export earners for India’s national income. The Indian cotton industry provides employment to more than 15 million people, contributing 20% to the Gross National Product and 30% to the total agricultural exports. (Subbiah and Jeyakumar, 2009). Cotton is the only genetically engineered crop grown widely in India, after being introduced during the last decade. Genetically engineered cotton is also grown widely in China, South Africa and the US. These genetically engineered cotton varieties are known as ‘Bt cotton’. Bt cotton plants contain a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces a toxin designed to kill a group of insect pests, mostly larvae of moths, which are generally called ‘bollworm’ (Tirado,Reyes. 2010). The introduction of Bt cotton in 2002 pushed India to the rank of second-largest global producer of cotton. Now in India almost 90% of the cotton cultivation area is under Bt Cotton. The data, for the year 2010-11, shows that out of total area of 111.42 lakh hectares under cotton cultivation, 98.54 lakh hectares are under Bt Cotton. Since most of the Bt cotton hybrids produce only the medium and long staple lint, increase in area under Bt cotton has led to decline in output of premium quality cotton. i.e. extra-long staple cotton which fetches good price in the market. The only safe conclusion from the studies carried out so far on Bt cotton in India (and elsewhere) is that the performance and impact of Bt technology are very variable and depend critically upon a wide range of social, institutional, economic and agronomic factors (Glover, 2009, Gruère et al., 2008, Raney, 2006, Smalexet al., 2006). Research results about the impacts of Bt cotton coming from econometric field based studies in India draw a very polarised picture so far: one set of studies claims to demonstrate its complete economical and technical success and another set highlights the failures and farmers’ hardships that have accompanied its introduction. This has seriously distorted public debate and impeded the development of sound, evidence-based policy” (Glover, 2009). II. METHODOLOGY: Data source The study is absolutely based on primary data source, related on various aspects of organic farming is collected from farmers who were practicing the organic and Bt cotton farming. Those details are used to calculate input and output cost of production. The detailed information on quantities and cost of different inputs used in production and labour used was collected for this study.. For this study the survey was conducted on farmers in the Jangaon district from Telangana. The Jangaon district was purposively selected due to the fact in the district efforts are being made by the CSA-Hyderabad to help the farmers in adopting organic farming. The non- adaptor of organic cotton farming where found to be Bt- farmers. We compared the returns and input cost of Bt cotton farmer and non Bt organic cotton farmers. Sampling: To make sure that all parameters for the survey was invariable, apart genetically engineered seeds of Bt and the chemicals used by conventional farmer all other agronomic practices were kept as identical as possible between organic farmer and Bt farmers.The problem with data collected from farmer is that isn’t always analogous its rather contracting and depends from farmer to farmer on their experience and the knowledge they have acquired over years of farming.So we tried to calculate an net average that would cost a single farmer for one crop season based on the data collected from the survey. In the survey, we collected data from total 12 farmer. Out of the 12 farmer,7 farmers were organic cotton growers while the remaining 5 farmers were Bt cotton growers. All Bt cotton farmers we encountered engage in chemically intensive agriculture, with high use of pesticide and chemical fertilisers while 5 out of 7 organic farmer were certified producer and rest 2 farmer were in transition period. Research Article Volume 10 Issue No.7